Term
Reasons that the Renaissance originated on the Italian peninsula include all of the following EXCEPT the peninsula's:
A) geographic location.
B) political organization.
C) religion.
D) social structure.
E) economic structure. |
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Definition
C) religion.
The religion of Renaissance Italy, which was Catholicism, was shared by many of the European kingdoms.
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a Renaissance value?
A) mastery of ancient languages.
B) patronage of the arts.
C) scholarly achievement.
D) proficiency in the military arts.
E) civic duty. |
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Definition
D) proficiency in the military arts.
Proficiency in the martial arts had been a traditional value of the nobility of medieval Europe, but it was downplayed in the Renaissance.
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Term
Renaissance humanism:
A) devalued mastery of ancient languages.
B) urged the development of a single talent to perfection.
C) valued ancient philosophers as the final authorities on all matters.
D) denied the existence of God.
E) valued scholarship for its own sake and for the glory it brought the city-state. |
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Definition
E) valued scholarship for its own sake and for the glory it brought the city-state.
Renaissance humanism did indeed value scholarship. |
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Term
The belief that by cultivating the finest qualities of their beings, human beings could commune with God was a conclusion of:
A) guildsmen.
B) neoplatonists.
C) the lay piety movement.
D) the Catholic Church in Renaissance Italy.
E) the doge. |
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Definition
B) neoplatonists.
The belief that by cultivating the finest qualities of their beings, human beings could commune with GOd was a conclusion of the neoplatonists.
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Term
Which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to the Renaissance artistic achievement?
A) the patronage of the pope.
B) the invasion of Italy by the French.
C) the competitive spirit of competing elites.
D) the apprentice system.
E) the lack of separation between artistic and commercial aspects of the Renaissance art world. |
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Definition
B) the invasion of Italy by the French.
The invasion of Italy by the French triggered the spread of the Renaissance to the rest of Europe, but it did not contribute to the Renaissance artistic achievement.
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Term
Which of the following did NOT enable the spread of the Renaissance?
A) the Treaty of Lodi.
B) Milan's invitation to Charles VIII to bring troops to Italy.
C) the printing press.
D) students and teachers migrating in and out of the Italian peninsula.
E) the lay piety movement. |
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Definition
A) the Treaty of Lodi.
The Treaty of Lodi, signed in the mid-15th century, established a balance of power that helped keep other European powers out of the Italian peninsula, which therefore inhibited rather than enabled the spread of the Renaissance.
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Term
Renaissance art:
A) was characterized by the severe specialization of its artists.
B) was characterized by religious subject matter.
C) abandoned painting in favor of sculpture
D) was characterized by its concern for the human form.
E) did not require patrons. |
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Definition
D) was characterized by its concern for the human form.
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Term
Northern humanism:
A) was less secular than Italian humanism.
B) linked scholarship and learning with religious piety.
C) criticized the notion that priests were required to understand the Bible
D) contributed to the Reformation.
E) all of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
Historian Jacob Burckhardt:
A) has been criticized by other historians for ignoring the Christian elements of Renaissance humanism.
B) emphasized similarities between the Italian Renaissance and other, earlier "renaissances."
C) emphasized the continuity between the medieval period and the Renaissance.
D) none of these answers. |
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Definition
A) has been criticized by other historians for ignoring the Christian elements of Renaissance humanism.
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Term
| The sack of Rome by Spanish-imperial solders in ____ is generally considered the end of the Italian Renaissance. |
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Definition
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Term
| The five major city-states in Italy were the duchy of Milan, the republics of Florence and ____, and Papal States, and the kingdom of Naples. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ was the scholarly study of the Latin and Greek classics and of the ancient religious texts both for their own sake and in the hope of a rebirth of ancient norms and values. |
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Definition
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Term
The Humanists worked hard to dispel the notion that the Middle Ages had been culturally "dark".
True or False? |
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Definition
False.
The Humanists were primarily responsible for creating the concept of the "Dark Ages." |
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Term
| A reaction against the simplicity and symmetry of High Renaissance art, ____ made room for the strange and even the abnormal and gave freer reign to the subjectivity of the artist. |
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Definition
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Term
| Under the Treaty of Lodi, Milan and ____ allied with Florence. |
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Definition
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Term
The radical Dominican preacher Girolamo Savonarola collaborated with the French in ruling Florence, and he was executed in 1498 after the French had been driven out.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ was probably the most corrupt pope ever. |
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Definition
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Term
The authors of this text believe that Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513 as a cynical satire on the way rulers actually did behave and not as a serious recommendation of unprincipled despotic rule.
True or False? |
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Definition
False.
The authors day that others believe the book is satirical. |
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Term
Machiavelli hoped that:
A) the Medici family of Florence would unite Italy.
B) the French would restore political order in Italy.
C) Spanish would remove the French from Italy.
D) the Pope would actively promote a Christian commonwealth. |
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Definition
A) the Medici family of Florence would unite Italy.
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Term
One reason the nobility declined in the late Middle Ages was the:
A) demand of kings for more political and military service.
B) Hundred Years' War.
C) inefficiency of representative bodies such as Parliament.
D) increased prestige of the Church. |
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Definition
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Term
The English Parliament, the Spanish Cortes, and the French Curia are all considered evolving representative assemblies.
True or False? |
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Definition
False.
The French assembly was called the Estates General. |
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Term
The cornerstones of French nation-building in the 14th century were:
A) the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire and the death of Joan of Arc.
B) the collapse of the English in France and the decline of the papal monarchy.
C) the collapse of the English in France and the defeat of the duchy of Burgundy.
D) none of these answers. |
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Definition
C) the collapse of the English in France and the defeat of the duchy of Burgundy.
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Term
Tomas de Torquemada became famous for his defeat of the Moors at Granada.
True or False? |
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Definition
False.
He administered the Spanish Inquisition against Muslims and Jews. |
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Term
| Henry VII was the first monarch of the new ___ dynasty that would dominate England throughout the 16th century. |
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Definition
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Term
The Golden Bull:
A) established the Dominican Order of Friars.
B) reconciled the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor.
C) created a new election process for the Holy Roman Emperor.
D) excommunicated the French king. |
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Definition
C) created a new election process for the Holy Roman Emperor.
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Term
Germany's political fragmentation was a contributing factor in the emergence of the Protestant Reformation.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
Northern humanists were mostly either merchants or Brothers of the Common Life.
True or False? |
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Definition
False.
Both these groups were influential in bringing humanism from Italy to the North. |
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Term
| Johann ____ invented printing with moveable type. |
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Definition
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Term
| The far-reaching influence of Desiderius _____, the most famous of the northern humanists and the "prince of the humanists," illustrates the impact of the printing press. |
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Definition
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Term
Church leaders were grateful for the new translation Erasmus made for the New Testament.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thomas More's ____ depicted an imaginary society based on reason and tolerance that overcame social and political injustice by holding all property and goods in common and requiring everyone to earn their bread by their own work. |
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Definition
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Term
Humanism helped pave the way for the Reformation:
A) in England, France, and Spain.
B) throughout Europe.
C) in Spain, France, and Germany.
D) in England, France, and Germany. |
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Definition
| D) in England, France, and Germany. |
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Term
Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator sponsored exploration of the African coast in the 15th century.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Spanish conquests of the early 16th century marked the beginning of the process whereby South America was transformed into _____ America. |
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Definition
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Term
The Mayas, skilled in mathematics and astronomy, built large cities with immense pyramids in the Yucatan region.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ tried to drive the Spanish out, but by late 1521 they were defeated after great loss of lives. |
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Definition
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Term
The three major components of the colonial economy in Latin America were:
A) mining, trade, and printing.
B) money-lending, agriculture, and printing.
C) money-lending, trade, and shipping.
D) mining, agriculture, and shipping. |
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Definition
| D) mining, agriculture, and shipping. |
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Term
The influx of spices and precious metals in Europe caused inflation.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The use of shading to enhance naturalness in painting and drawing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Education designed to promote humanist leadership of political and culture life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Military brokers who furnished mercenary forces to the Italian states during the Renaissance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Meaning "conquerors." The Spanish conquerors of the New World. |
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Term
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Definition
| The grant by the Spanish crown to a colonist of the labor of a specific number of Indians for a set period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The royal tax on salt in France. |
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Term
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Definition
| The agreement in 1356 to establish a seven-member electoral college of German princes to choose the Holy Roman Emperor. |
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Term
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Definition
| A large landed estate in Spanish America. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the Latin and Greek classics and of the Church Fathers both for their own sake and to promote a rebirth of ancient norms and values. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Roman name for liberal arts education. |
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Term
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Definition
| A style of art in the mid-to-late 16th century that permitted artists to express their own "manner" or feelings in contrast to the symmetry and simplicity of the art of the High Renaissance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Philosophy of Plato that posits preexistent Ideal Forms of which all earthly things are imperfect models. |
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Term
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Definition
| The revival of ancient learning and the supplanting of traditional religious belief by new secular and scientific values that began in Italy in the 14th and 15th centuries. |
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Term
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Definition
| During the Renaissance, a liberal arts program of study that embraced grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, philosophy, and politics. |
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Term
| ____ means "rebirth" in French and was considered by most scholars to be a time of transition from medieval to modern times. |
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Definition
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Term
| Martin ____ was considered by some to be Erasmus's theological successor and posted 95 these against indulgences in 1517. |
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Definition
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Term
Spain never had more religious toleration than during the rule of Ferdinand and Isabella.
True or False? |
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Definition
False.
Ferdinand and Isabella ended religious toleration in Spain. |
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Term
The first modern sailors recorded to circumnavigate the globe were:
A) Spanish.
B) Portuguese.
C) English.
D) Italian. |
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Definition
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Term
Lorenzo the Magnificent ruled Florence in the late 15th century.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
The War of the Roses lasted from:
A) 1355 to 1455.
B) 1455 to 1485.
C) 1515 to 1565.
D) 1475 to 1515. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cosmo de' _____ was the wealthiest Florentine and a natural statesman. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is the ability to act decisively and heroically. |
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Definition
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Term
Native Americans readily converted to Christianity.
True or False? |
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Definition
False.
They refused without the pressure of conquest. |
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Term
Monarchs used all of the following methods to raise money EXCEPT:
A) taxes on the peasantry.
B) taxes on the nobility.
C) the sale of public offices.
D) national taxes. |
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Definition
B) taxes on the nobility.
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Term
| Julius came to be known as the "____ pope," because he brought the Renaissance papacy to a peak of military prowess and diplomatic intrigue. |
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Definition
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Term
France and Italy were striking exceptions to the steady development of centralized nation-states in the late 15th century.
True or False? |
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Definition
False.
Germany and Italy were the exceptions, but not France. |
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Term
| Rudolf _____ is considered the "father of German humanism." |
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Definition
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Term
Erasums did NOT believe which of the following?
A) Christian dogma should always be adhered to.
B) Disciplined study of the classics and the Bible, if begun early enough, was the best way to reform individuals and society.
C) Christian works should be read in their original versions.
D) Classic ideals of humanity and civic virtue should be united with Christian ideals of love and poverty. |
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Definition
A) Christian dogma should always be adhered to.
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Term
Leonardo da Vinci painted the frescoes in The Sistine Chapel.
True or False? |
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Definition
False.
Michalengelo painted those frescoes. |
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Term
The Northern Renaissance differed from the Italian Renaissance in that the northerners wrote more popular tracts.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ commanded an enormous empire in Peru. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the era of exploration that began in the 15th century, the Portuguese concentrated their efforts in the ____ Ocean, while the Spanish explored the Atlantic. |
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Definition
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Term
The Concordat of Bologna:
A) gave the French king control over the French clergy in exchange for French recognition of the pope's superiority over church councils.
B) ended the Hundred Years War.
C) relinquished the Papal States to France.
D) was negotiated by Machiavelli. |
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Definition
A) gave the French king control over the French clergy in exchange for French recognition of the pope's superiority over church councils.
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Term
The Spanish encomienda was the:
A) land grant given by the king.
B) right of exploration in the Americas.
C) right to establish colonies in the name of a monarch.
D) right to native labor in an area for a certain time. |
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Definition
| D) right to native labor in an area for a certain time. |
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Term
The first book printed on Gutenberg's printing press was the Bible.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ was the daughter of Henry VIII and was considered one of Europe's most exemplary rulers. |
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Definition
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Term
Thomas More was executed for writing Utopia.
True or False? |
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Definition
False.
He was executed for refusing to recognize the marriage of Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn. |
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Term
| Niccolò ______ wrote The Prince in 1513. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ were military brokers through which mercenary armies could be obtained. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ is a large landed estate owned by persons originally born in Spain or persons of Spanish descent born in America. |
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Definition
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Term
The influx of spices and precious metals inflated the price of goods while wages and rent remained well behind the new prices.
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following was NOT a Portuguese motivation to explore Africa?
A) gold
B) slaves.
C) agricultural products.
D) spices from Asia. |
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Definition
C) agricultural products.
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Term
Who wrote Divine Comedy and Vita Nuova?
A) Desiderius Erasmus
B) Francesco Petarch
C) Dante Alighieri
D) Giovanni Boccaccio |
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Definition
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Term
The labor servitude whereby adult male Indians would devote a number of days of labor to Spanish enterprises is known as:
A) encomiendia.
B) repartimiento.
C) creoles.
D) conquitadores. |
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Definition
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