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AP Biology
Ch. 33
30
Biology
12th Grade
05/03/2011

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Term
Epithelium
Definition
A sheetlike tissue of cells that are close together, with little extracellular material between them.
Term
Glands
Definition
Saclike, secretory, organs that open to the free epithelial surface.
Term
Exocrine glands
Definition
They have ducts or tubes that open onto the free epithelial surface. They secrete many substances, such as oils, mucus, saliva, tears, milk, digestive enzymes, and earwax.
Term
Endocrine glands
Definition
They secrete their products, hormones, directly into interstitial fluid. They have no ducts.
Term
Adhering junctions
Definition
They are profuse in skin and other tissues subjected to ongoing abrasion. They function like spot welds and lock adjoining cells together.
Term
Tight junctions
Definition
They stop most substances from leaking across a tissue. Rows of proteins fuse each cell to its neighbors and form tight seals.
Term
Loose connective tissue
Definition
It helps hold organs and epithelia in place. Fibroblasts and fibers are dispersed widely through the matrix.
Term
Fibrous, irregular connective tissue
Definition
It is a component of skin. It supports intestinal muscles and also forms protective capsules around organs that do not stretch much. It is packed with many fibroblasts and collagen fibers that are positioned every which way.
Term
Fibrous, regular connective tissue
Definition
It has orderly rows of fibroblasts between parallel, tightly packed bundles of fibers. It helps keep the tissue from being torn apart when placed under mechanical stress.
Term
Cartilage
Definition
A tissue of fine collagen fibers packed in a rubbery, compression-resistant matrix.
Term
Bone tissue
Definition
A hardened connective tissue with living cells imprisoned in their mineralized secretions.
Term
Adipose tissue
Definition
An energy reservoir tissue.
Term
Blood
Definition
A connective tissue whose cellular components arise from stem cells in bone.
Term
Skeletal muscle tissue
Definition
The functional partner of bone (or cartilage) that helps move and maintain the positions of the body and its parts.
Term
Cardiac muscle tissue
Definition
A type of tissue that is found only in the heart. It contains sacromeres and looks striated. It consists of single, branching cells that have a nucleus.
Term
Smooth muscle tissue
Definition
A type of tissue that is found in the stomach, bladder, and uterus. It has single, unbranching cells, tapered at both ends, with one centrally positioned nucleus.
Term
Nervous tissue
Definition
Tissue that is composed of neurons and a variety of cells, collectively called neuroglia, that structurally and functionally support them.
Term
Neurons
Definition
A kind of excitable cell that makes up the communication lines in most nervous system.
Term
Division of labor
Definition
A compartmentalization of functions that help the body survive in ways that no one tissue can offer.
Term
Ectoderm
Definition
The outer layer of tissue.
Term
Mesoderm
Definition
The middle layer of tissue.
Term
Endoderm
Definition
The inner primary tissue layer.
Term
Skin
Definition
The outer body covering of all vertebrate organ systems.
Term
Dermis
Definition
A dense connective tissue with many fibers of stretch-resistant elastin and supportive collagen.
Term
Epidermis
Definition
A stratified squamous epithelium with an abundance of adhering junctions and no extracellurlar matrix.
Term
Vitamin D
Definition
A steroid-like compound that help the body absorb calcium ions from food.
Term
Langerhans cells
Definition
Phagocytic cells engulf bacteria or viruses and notify the immune system of the threat. UV rays damage these cells. They migrate through the epidermis.
Term
Keratinocytes
Definition
Cells that secrete keratin, a tough, water-resistant protein that makes skin waterproof and more durable.
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
Cells that produce the brownish-black pigment melanin, then give up these pigments to the keratinocytes. It is one of the body's barriers to the harmful UV radiation in the sun's rays.
Term
Connective tissue
Definition
Tissues that support, protect, organize, or insulate other tissues.
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