Term
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Definition
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Term
| Transcription occurs in the... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ribosomal RNA
Makes Ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
Transfer RNA
Transfers amino acids to ribosome |
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Term
| What are the 4 nitrogen bases in RNA? |
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Definition
1. adenine
2. guanine
3. cytosine
4. uracil |
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Term
| RNA contains the sugar... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The process of changing DNA into RNA |
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Term
| RNA is a _____ stranded molecule. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 steps in Transcription? |
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Definition
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination |
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Term
| What happens during initiation of transcription? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during elongation of transcription? |
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Definition
RNA polymerase adds on RNA nucleotides in the 3' to 5' direction. |
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Term
| What happens during termination of transcription? |
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Definition
| RNA polymerase reaches a sequence of AAAAAAAAAA and transcription stops |
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Term
What 3 things needs to happen to the mRNA strand to become mature and then leave the nucleus? |
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Definition
1. Cap is added to the 5' end
2. A poly-A-tail is added to the 3' end
3. Introns are removed |
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Term
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Definition
Non-coding regions of mRNA
Are removed befor the mRNA leaves the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
3 nucleotides on the mRNA strand
Also called a triplet
Codes for an amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
Building block of proteins
Carried on the tRNA
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Term
| How many possible codons? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the start codon and what amino acid does it code for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 stop codons? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
3 nucleotides carried on the tRNA that pair with the codon. |
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Term
| A tRNA has an _____ _____ attached at one end and _________ on the other end. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
When the tRNA binds to mRNA codon exact base pairing between the 3rd base does not have to be exact |
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Term
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Definition
| a large subunit and a small subunit |
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Term
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Definition
| Process that takes a mRNA strand and changes it into an amino acid chain that codes for a protein. |
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Term
| Where does translation take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 steps of Translation? |
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Definition
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination |
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Term
| What occurs during initiation of translation? |
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Definition
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mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit
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finds an AUG
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tRNA with anticodon UAC binds
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Large ribosomal subunit attaches to the small subunit
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Term
| What occurs during elongation of translation? |
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Definition
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AUG on the P site
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The next mRNA codon on the A site binds with the tRNA anticodon.
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The 2 amino acids form a peptide bond
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The codon on the P site moves to the E site and the codon on the A site moves to the P site.
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The next tRNA moves to the A site
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Term
| What occurs during termination of translation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Point Mutation or Base Pair Substitution |
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Definition
| one base pair is replaced with another base pair |
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Term
| 2 Types of Point Mutations |
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Definition
1. Missense Mutation
2. Nonsense Mutation |
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Term
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Definition
| codons that still code for an amino acid, although it might not be the correct one |
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Term
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Definition
| Change a regular amino acid codon into a stop codon |
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Term
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Definition
| Base pair is added or deleted causing the codons to shift and change |
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Term
| 2 Types of Frameshift Mutations |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DNA segments move spontaneously from one location to another in the same DNA molecule or to a different one |
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