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| a process that's essentially the reverse of a dehydration reaction; means "to break with water" |
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giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a condensation reaction
ex: polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids |
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| long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together |
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| subunit that serves as building block of a polymer |
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| condensation reaction (a.k.a. dehydration reaction) |
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| reaction in which 2 molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water |
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| simplest carb, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides; aka simple sugars; molecular formulas are generally some multiple of CH2O |
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| a double sugar consisting of 2 monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis (glycosidic linkage) |
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| a covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction |
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| polymer of up to over 1000 monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions |
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| storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose |
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polysaccharide of animals
function: storage in liver and muscle cells |
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polysaccharide of plants in cell walls
function: keeps cells tough by supplying them with fiber |
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| component of exoskeleton of arthropods; structural support for cell walls of many fungi; can be used as surgical thread |
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not in polymer category: they have their own structure; hydrophobic; made up of hydrocarbons
ex: fats, phospholipids |
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| maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible; no double bonds |
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Definition
| have at least one double bond |
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| 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol |
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made up of 4 fused rings
ex: cholesterol- helps maintain fluid in body |
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more than 50% of dry mass of cells
functions: structural support, storage, transport, cell communication, movement, and defense |
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| act as catalysts, speeding up reactions; can perform functions repeatedly |
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| polymers called polynucleotides (made of nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group) |
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