Term
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Definition
treats depression;
contraindicated with seizure disorders (lowers threshold)
those who have had anorexia or bulemia, or those taking an MAOI
assess the patient’s baseline neurologic, mental, and cardiac status before the drug is used |
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Term
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Definition
depresison or smoking deterrant
It’s contraindicated in patients who have a known drug allergy, those with a seizure disorder (can lower seizure threshold!), those who currently have anorexia nervosa or bulimia or have had one of these disorders in the past, and those taking an MAOI. |
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Term
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Definition
for manic phases of bipolar disorder
alters sodium ion transport into cells
elderly patients particular prone to renal dysfunction
patients should not alter sodium intake
should not become over or dehydrated |
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Term
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Definition
a. MAOIs represent the first generation of antidepressants→ they’re usually used now to treat Parkinson’s
b. Avoid foods high in tyramine!
i. Tyramine is found in many common foods and beverages (particularly aged cheeses, smoked, pickled, aged, or fermented meats, yeast extracts, red wines, and Italian bread beans)
ii. Tyramine can cause a hypertensive crisis (blood pressure gets high enough to cause organ damage, present) when taken with stimulant medications
c. Patients should also be aware that a variety of OTC cough and cold medicines can interact with MAOIs to cause adverse cardiovascular effects
d. Sympathomimetic drugs (which stimulate the sympathetic nerves) also interact with MAOIs and together these drugs can cause a hypertensive crisis |
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Term
| trycyclic antidepressants |
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Definition
replaced by SSRIs and SNRIs
second line drug now, or used in adjunct
also treat neuropathic pain and insomnia
sometimes also used to treat anorexia nervosa
have adverse effects on various receptors
notorious for overdoses |
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Term
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Definition
| work by serotonin reuptake, which allows there to be more serotonin in the body (depression is often from low serotonin levels) |
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Term
| Atypical Antipsychotic agents |
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Definition
Dibenzodiazapines (clonzapine, olonzapine, quetiapine)
have better adverse effects profile than first-generation agents
d. Nursing considerations
i. Neurological assessment very important
ii. Mini-Mental State Exam (assess cognitive)
iii. Assess for suicidal ideations
iv. Notice self care, wt gain/loss
v. Postural blood pressure check
vi. Admin meds and check for “cheeking” of the med
vii. Assess appetite, sleeping patterns, addictive behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
a. These drugs work by stimulating serotonin receptors in the brain
i. They stimulate receptors in cerebral arteries, causing vasoconstriction and normally reducing or eliminating headache symptoms
ii. They also reduce the production of inflammatory neuropeptides
b. Known as abortive drug therapy because it treats a headache that has already been started
c. Contraindications: drug allergy and the presence of serious cardiovascular disease (because of the vasoconstrictive potential of these medications) |
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Term
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Definition
a. Treatment of
i. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
ii. Narcolepsy
iii. Migraine headaches
iv. Obesity
v. Neonatal apnea
b. Avoid foods with Tyramine (antimigraine CNS Stimulant)
i. Beer, wine, aged cheese, food additives, preservatives, artificial sweeteners, chocolate, and caffeine |
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Term
| Indirect Acting Dopaminergic Drugs |
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Definition
for parkinson's
1. selegiline (Zelapar) –indirect acting dopamine receptor agonists (MAO-B inhibitor; used in early stage ; adjunct drug,
a. adverse effect: interaction with Tyramine foods;(cheese; wine, beer ,yogurt produces severe hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
for parkinson's
amantadine (Symmetrel) – early stage; reduces tremor and rigidity; also used for influenza; effective for 6-8 months; adverse effects: dizziness, insomnia and nausea |
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Term
| direct acting dopamine receptor agonist |
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Definition
first line agents; stimulate pre/post synaptic dopamine receptors in the brain stimulate production of more dopamine
1. Ergot
2. bromocriptine (Parolodel)..Adverse effects: ataxia, dizziness, headache, depression, Caution: can produce vasoconstriction in peripheral tissues; can worsen PVD |
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