Term
| Name the drug: inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, blocking production of RNA |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens if you only use rifmapin in treatment of an active infection? Is it bacteriostatic or cidal? |
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Definition
| rapid emergence of resistance, bacteriocidal |
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Term
| Clinical applications for rifampin? |
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Definition
| first line agent for TB, atypical mycobacteria, eradication of meningococcal colonization, staph infections |
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Term
| Name the drug: Oral and IV, hepatic clearance (3.5 hr half life), potent CYP P450 inducer, turns body fluids an orange color, Tox- rash, nephritis, thrombocytopenia, cholestasis, flu-like syndrome with intermittent dosing |
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Definition
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Term
| How does rifabutin compare to rifampin? |
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Definition
| Oral, similar but less P450 induction, fewer drug interactions |
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Term
| How does rifapentine compare to rifampin? |
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Definition
| Oral, long acting analogue, can be given 1x weekly in continuation phase of TB tx |
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Term
| Name the drug: inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids, an essential component of mycobacterial cell walls |
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Definition
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Term
| Is isoniazid bacteriostatic or cidal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical applications of isoniazid? |
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Definition
| First line agent for TB, tx of latent infection, less active against other mycobacteria |
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Term
| Name the drug: oral, IV, hepatic clearance (1 hr half life), reduces levels of phenytoin, Tox - hepatotoxic, peripheral neuropathy (give pyridoxine) |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the drug: MOA is not fully understood, converted to active pyrazinoic acid under acidic conditions of macrophage lysosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| Is pyrazinamide bacteriostatic or cidal? |
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Definition
| bacteriostatic, may be bacteriocidal against actively dividing organisms |
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Term
| Clinical applications of pyrazinamide? |
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Definition
| "sterilizing agent" used during first 2 mo of TB tx, allows total duration of therapy to be shorted to 6 months |
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Term
| Name the drug: oral, hepatic clearance (9 hr half life), but metabolites are renally cleared so dosage adjusted needed for renal insufficiency, tox - Hepatoxicity, hyperuricemia |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the drug: inhibits mycobacterial arabinosyl transferases, which are involved in the polymerization rxn of arabinoglycan, an essential component of mycobacterial cell wall |
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Definition
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Term
| is ethambutol bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the bacteriocidal agents used for mycobacterial infections? |
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Definition
| rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin |
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Term
| clinical applications of ethambutol? |
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Definition
| given as 4-drug initial combo therapy for TB until drug sensitivities are known, also used for atypical mycobacterial infections |
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Term
| Name the drug: oral, mixed clearance (half life 4 hrs), dose must be reduced in renal failure, tox- retrobulbar neuritis |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the drug: prevents bacterial protein synthesis by binding to S12 ribosomal subunit |
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Definition
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Term
| is streptomycin bacteriostatic or cidal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical applications of streptomycin? |
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Definition
| Used in TB when an injectable drug is needed or desired and in treatment of drug-resistant strains |
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Term
| Name the drug: IM, IV, renal clearance (half life 2.5 hr), administered daily initially, then 2x/wk, Tox - nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antimycobacterial drug is nephrotoxic and ototoxic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antimycobacterial drug can cause retrobulbar neuritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antimycobacterial drug is hepatotoxic and can cause hyperuricemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antimycobacterial drug is hepatotoxic and can cause peripheral neuropathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antimycobacterial drug can turn body fluids orange, cause rash, nephritis, thrombocytopenia, cholestasis, and flu-like syndrome? |
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Definition
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