Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Competitive inhibition of transpeptidase enzyme (penicillin binding proteins) à inhibits cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| Penicillins (pharm profile) |
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Definition
Procaine and benzathine pen G are IM, IV
Penicillin V is oral |
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Term
|
Definition
Strep, Staph, Clostridia
N. meningitides
Syphilis |
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Term
| Penicillins (side effects) |
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Definition
| Serum sickness: Ag/Ab complex causing hemolytic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Competitive inhibition of transpeptidase enzyme (penicillin binding proteins) inhibits cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| Aminopenicillins (pharm profile) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Broader GM- coverage
HELPS kill entercoccus
(Haemophilus, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella and Enterococcus) |
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Term
| Aminopenicillins (side effects) |
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Definition
Maculopapular rash in patients with mono, CLL, or taking Allopurinol
Pseudomembranous colitis |
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Term
| Penicillinase-R penicillins (drugs) |
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Definition
Nafcillin
Oxacillin (IV/PO)
Methicillin |
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Term
| Penicillinase-R penicillins (MOA) |
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Definition
| Competitive inhibition of transpeptidase enzyme (penicillin binding proteins) inhibits cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| Penicillinase-R penicillins (pharm profile) |
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Definition
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Term
| Penicillinase-R penicillins (uses) |
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Definition
S. aureus (except MRSA)
Nafcillin- severe (IV 4 hrs)
Dicloxacillin- mild |
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Term
| Penicillinase-R penicillins (side effects) |
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Definition
Interstitial nephritis (methicillin), not used
Increases liver enzymes |
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Term
| Carboxy/Ureidopenicillins (drugs) |
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Definition
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin |
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Term
| Carboxy/Ureidopenicillins (MOA) |
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Definition
| Competitive inhibition of transpeptidase enzyme (penicillin binding proteins) inhibits cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| Carboxy/Ureidopenicillins (uses) |
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Definition
| Extended GM- rod coverage, Pseudomonas and anaerobes (B. fragilis) |
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Term
| Carboxy/Ureidopenicillins (side effects) |
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Definition
TCP Takes care of pseudomonas
and B. fragilis
Lower dose in kidney failure |
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Term
| β-Lactamase inhibitors (drugs) |
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Definition
Clavulanic acid
Tazobactam |
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Term
| β-Lactamase inhibitors (combinations) |
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Definition
Clavulanic acid + amoxicillin= augmentin
Clavulanic acid + ticarcillin = timentin
Tazobactam + piperacillin = Zosyn
Ampicillin + sulbactam = Unasyn |
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Term
| β-Lactamase inhibitors (uses) |
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Definition
| Coverage against β-lactamase producing species (aureus, influenza, fragilis) |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 1st generation (drugs) |
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Definition
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 1st generation (MOA) |
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Definition
Same as penicillins (β-lactam drugs inhibit cell wall synthesis)
Less susceptible to penicillinases |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 1st generation (uses) |
|
Definition
GM+ cocci prophylaxis surgery
PECK- proteus, ecoli, and klebsiella |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 1st generation (mnemonic) |
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Definition
| Fazoli’s symbol is phelex (phallic) |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 2nd generation (drugs) |
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Definition
Cefaclor
Cefoxitin
Cefuroxime |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 2nd generation (MOA) |
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Definition
Same as penicillins (β-lactam drugs inhibit cell wall synthesis)
Less susceptible to penicillinases |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 2nd generation (uses) |
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Definition
GM+ cocci
Anaerobes (cefoxitin/cefotetan)
HEN PECK Haemophilus, enterobacter, neisseria, proteus, ecoli, klebsiella) |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 2nd generation (mnemonic) |
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Definition
| It’s a FACt that FOX has FUR |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 3rd generation (drugs) |
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Definition
Ceftriaxone
Cefixime
Ceftaxidime |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 3rd generation (MOA) |
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Definition
Same as penicillins (β-lactam drugs inhibit cell wall synthesis)
Less susceptible to penicillinases |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 3rd generation (uses) |
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Definition
Multidrug resistant GM- infections
Bacterial meningitis
Gonorrhea (ceftriaxone/cefixime)
Pseudomonas (ceftaxidime) |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 3rd generation (mnemonic) |
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Definition
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 3rd generation (pharm profile) |
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Definition
Penetrates BBB well (especially ceftriaxone)
Ceftriaxone- IM
Cefixime- PO |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 4th generation (drugs) |
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Definition
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 4th generation (MOA) |
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Definition
Same as penicillins (β-lactam drugs inhibit cell wall synthesis)
Less susceptible to penicillinases |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 4th generation (uses) |
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Definition
Regains some GM+ coverage
Pseudomonas |
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Term
| Cephalosporins - 4th generation (mnemonic) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to PBP in GM- only (No GM+ or anaerobe) |
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Term
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Definition
| Serious nosocomial GM- (klebsiella, Pseudomonas, serratia) |
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Term
| Monobactam (side effects) |
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Definition
| Does not cross react with penicillin allergy |
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Term
|
Definition
Imipenem/Cilastatin
Meropenem
Doripenim |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Carbapenems (pharm profile) |
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Definition
| Imipenem inactivated in kidney by dihydro-peptidase (must give with cilastatin) |
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Term
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Definition
VERY broad spectrum (GM+ cocci, GM- rods, Pseudomonas, anaerobes)
Drug choice of choice Enterobacter- most reliable activity against ESβL |
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Term
| Carbapenems (side effects) |
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Definition
Seizures (decrease threshold)
Carbapenamases: KPC + metallo-β-lactamases, hydrolyse carbapenams, must report |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
TMP inhibits DHF reductase (DHF THF)
SMX is PABA analogue that inhibits dihydropteroate synthase
Overall, they decrease folate and DNA, RNA, and proteins |
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Term
| Sulfonamides (pharm profile) |
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Definition
Affects protein binding
displaces rifampin, warfarin, MTX and phenytoin
May decrease heme s/e by giving leukovorin (folonic acid) is in CNS |
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Term
|
Definition
TMP-Smx
Tree (respiratory)
M (mouth, GI tract) Gm- diarrhea
P (Pee) prostatitis, UTI, urethritis
SMX (syndrome) AIDS P. jirovecii, prohpylaxis or others such as toxoplasmosis, nocardia, rheumathic fever, and kansaii |
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Term
| Sulfonamides (side effects) |
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Definition
Hematopoietic in AIDS patients (megaloblastic anemia, leucopenia)
Erythema nodosum
Hypersensitivity to sulfa
Not in pregnancy or breast feeding because kernicterus (SMX)
Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency |
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Term
|
Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Levofloxacin
Sparfloxacin |
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase (topo II) Gm-
or Topo 4 (Gm+)
Inhibits DNA synthesis
BacteriCIDAL |
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Term
| Floroquinolones (pharm profile) |
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Definition
| Binds to antacids, sulfurate |
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Term
|
Definition
Gm- rods of GI/GU
Community acquired pneumo (levo, spar GM+ atypical)
Pseudomonas: cipro
GM+ levo moni gemi |
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Term
| Floroquinolones (side effects) |
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Definition
Tendonitis with tendon rupture
CNS effects, photosensitivity
Not in pregnancy or children because of cartilage damage.
Resistance is due to an altered target, or binding/inactivating enzyme |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Metabolized INSIDE anaerobic bacteria and damages DNA
BacteriCIDAL |
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Term
| Metronidazole (pharm profile) |
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Definition
Does not enter blood very well, so it enters the GI tracts and kills C. diff
enters CNS as well |
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Term
|
Definition
GET GAP at the Metro
Giadia
Entamoeba
Trichomonas
Gardernella vaginalis
Anaerobes
Pylori |
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Term
| Metronidazole (side effects) |
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Definition
Disulfiram (antibuse) like side effects with alcohol
NOT in pregnancy |
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Term
|
Definition
Polymixin B
Polymixin E colistin |
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Term
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Definition
| Cationic basic proteins (detergent) that disrupts osmotic properties of the membrane. Polymixins “mix up” membranes |
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Term
| Polymixins (pharm profile) |
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Definition
| Bacteriocidal regardless of growth phase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Polymixins (side effects) |
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Definition
Neurotoxicity
Acute tubular necrosis
Bottom of the barrel choice |
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Term
|
Definition
Gentamycin
Goes to ECF- which is larger in shock, give more to ICU patients
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin |
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Term
|
Definition
bactericidal
Synergistic with β-lactam antibiotics b (must diffuse though cell wall) Inhibits 30S |
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Term
| Aminoglycosides (pharm profile) |
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Definition
| Requires O2 for uptake (NOT effective vs. anaerobes) Punch holes in cytoplasm |
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Term
|
Definition
Severe GM- rod infection
Resistance by aminoglycoside inactivating
Neomycin for bowel surgery
aminoglycoside + penicillin for enterococcal endocarditis (vanco for pen. Resistance) |
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Term
| Aminoglycosides (side effects) |
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Definition
GNATS can NOT kill anaerobes
drug accumulates in proximal tubules
Nephotoxic (increases w/cephalo’s)
Ototoxic (increases w/loop diuretics)
Teratogenic |
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Term
|
Definition
Tetracyline
Doxycycline
Demeclocycline
Minocycline |
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Term
|
Definition
bacteriostatic
Inhibit 30S
R. Efflux pumps+ ribosome protection proteins |
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Term
| Tetracyclines (pharm profile) |
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Definition
| Absorption inhibited by divalent cations (no milk, antacids, or iron containing compounds) |
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Term
|
Definition
VACuUM The BR (bedroom)
Vibrio, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma, Mycoplas,a. Tularemia, H. pylori, Borrelia, Rickettsea
Nocardia- minocycline
Bemeclocycline in SIADH |
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Term
| Tetracyclines (side effects) |
|
Definition
Teeth/bone discoloration
(chelates Ca2+)
Not in pregnancy
Not in renal dz (only doxy)
Photosensitivity
Superinfection (yeasty) |
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Term
|
Definition
Erythromycin (g+)
Azithromycin (g-, long .5)
Clarithromycin (g+) |
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit (or 23 srRNA)
Bacteriostatic |
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Term
| Macrolides (pharm profile) |
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Definition
Ery and clari inhibit CYP450 (higher levels of warfarin/theophilline)
w/cisapride get torsades de pointes tachycardia and DEATH |
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Term
|
Definition
Community acquired pneumonia: S. pneumo and atypical (legionella, Chlamydia and mycoplasma)
GM+ cocci alternative with pen allergy
STDS Chlamydia/GC + H.pylori |
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Term
| Macrolides (side effects) |
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Definition
GI irritation (common and dose related)
Not in pregnancy (cholestatic hepatitis in the mother) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit (or 23 srRNA)
Bacteriostatic |
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Term
| Lincosamides (pharm profile) |
|
Definition
| long presence in stool, altered gut flors |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anaerobic infections above diaphragm, not CNS |
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Term
| Lincosamides (side effects) |
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Definition
| Pseudomembranous colitis due to C. diff |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit (or 23 srRNA)
Bacteriostatic |
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Term
| Chloramphenicol (pharm profile) |
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Definition
| Conjungated in liver UDP glucuronyl transferase (absent in premature) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Very broad, usually meningitis or rickettsial, not really used |
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Term
| Chloramphenicol (side effects) |
|
Definition
Anemia (reversible)
Aplastic anemia
GREY BABY SYNDROME |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibits cell wall mucopeptide formation by binding D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursors
Bactericidal except for enterococcus |
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Term
| Glycopeptides (pharm profile) |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Serious GM+ multidrug resistant organisms (MRSA, enterococcus, refractory C. diff)
There are VRE and SRE strains (VAN genes) Use in synergy w/aminoglycosides, rifampin) |
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Term
| Glycopeptides (side effects) |
|
Definition
RED MAN NOT
Red Man syndrome with rapid infusion, this is due to increased histamine release
NOT
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Thrombophlebitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Quinupristin/dalphopristin |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits proteins synthesis, both bind to different sites on the 50S subunit |
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Term
| Streptogramins (pharm profile) |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| VRE, but only e. faecium, does not work for e. facalis |
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Term
| Streptogramins (side effects) |
|
Definition
| peripheral IV pain and phlebitis, arthralgias, myalgias |
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Term
| Cyclic lipopeptides (drugs) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cyclic lipopeptides (MOA) |
|
Definition
| Calcium dependent binding on plasma membrane with depolarization (K+) release and death |
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Term
| Cyclic lipopeptides (uses) |
|
Definition
Complicated skin/soft tissue and intra-abdomin
MSSA, MRSA, VISA, VRSA, VRE, Pen-R pneumo |
|
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Term
| Cyclic lipopeptides (side effects) |
|
Definition
| Rhabdomyolysis: increased CPK, muscle discomfort |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibit protein synthesis (binds to the 30S subunit) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Complicated skin/soft tissue and intra-abdomin
MSSA, MRSA, VISA, VRSA, VRE, Pen-R pneumo |
|
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Term
| Glycylcylines (side effects) |
|
Definition
GI Complications
Increase in liver transaminases (AST/ALT) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits protein synthesis (binds to the 50S subunit) near the 30S subunit, prevents 70S formation (unique) |
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Term
| Oxazolidinones (pharm profile) |
|
Definition
| no cross resistance, 100% bioavailability PO |
|
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Term
|
Definition
VRE and some MRSA/VRSA
also RAPID growing mycobacteria
Chelonae, fortuitum |
|
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Term
| Oxazolidinones (side effects) |
|
Definition
Bone marrow toxicity
No cross reaction with other protein synthesis antibiotics
Tongue discoloration |
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