Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 types of antimicrobial agents? |
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Definition
| chemotherapy, antimicrobial agents, antibiotics, semisynthetic antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| man made or organic: they kill/inhibit microbes |
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Term
| Semisynthetic antibiotics |
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Definition
| modifying basic molecule: so it is partly synthetic |
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Term
| TF All antibiotics are antimicrobials |
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Definition
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Term
| TF All antimicrobials are antibiotics |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| made by a microbe to kill a microbe |
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Term
| Ideal qualities of an antimicrobial agent |
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Definition
| kill or inhibit the growth of pathogens, cause no damage to the host, cause no allergic reaction in the host, be stable when stored, remain in specific tissues in the body long enough to be effective, kill the pathogen before they mutate and become resistant to it |
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Term
| What is a strategy to ensure that the microbial is killed? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do antimicrobial agents work? |
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Definition
| inhibition of cell wall synthesis, damage to cell membranes, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibition of enzyme activity |
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Term
| What is the difference between bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal? |
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Definition
| bacteriostatic wont kill the bug, it will just make it stop growing. Bacteriocidal will kill the bacteria |
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Term
| What are narrow spectrum antibiotics? |
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Definition
| act against a limited range of organisms |
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Term
| Broad spectrum antibiotics |
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Definition
| broad range: "nuke everytihing" |
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Term
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Definition
| the two antimicrobials work together, killing effects is greater than the sum of their parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| have drugs that act against each other |
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Term
| What type of anti- thing can be more toxic to the patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| How bacteria become drug resistant: intrinsic |
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Definition
| They are naturally wired to be resistant |
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Term
| How bacteria become drug resistant: acquired |
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Definition
| they pick up resistance along the way, you must test for it |
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Term
| In a petri dish, how is the resistance measured? |
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Definition
| looking at the diameter of the cells |
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Term
| What do beta lactamases do? |
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Definition
| they are an enzyme that will destroy penicilin |
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Term
| What can be done to prevent drug resistance? |
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Definition
| educate, dont proscribe something the patient does not need, take antibiotics as directed and full course treatment |
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Term
| What type of antibiotics can help prevent drug resistance? |
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Definition
| inexpensive, narrow spectrum antibiotics |
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Term
| What can be done to prevent drug resistance? |
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Definition
| destroy excess antimicrobial, dont use antibiotics prophylactically, isolate patients with multi drug resistant pathogens, practice good infection prevention and control |
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Term
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Definition
| initiating treatment before lab results are available |
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Term
| When would you use an educated guess |
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Definition
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Term
| when would you use an antibiogram |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the considerations of the empirical theory? |
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Definition
| allergies, age, pregnancy, inpatient or outpatient, hospital formulary, site of infection, other medications, additional medical problems, immunocompromised, cost |
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Term
| What are the four major undesirable effects of antimicrobials? |
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Definition
| selecting for resistant organisms, development of allergies, toxicity, destruction of normal flora |
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