Term
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Definition
| 1. Can be used if allergic to penicillin for endocarditis prophylaxis |
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Term
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Definition
1. Extended spectrum penicillin
2. One of most commonly used antibiotics for dental infections
3. Diarrhea and colitis
4. 5-10% develop rash that is non-allergic |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Beta lactamase inhibitor - used in combination with penicillins to combat antibiotic resistance |
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Term
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Definition
1. First generation cephalosporin used to treat staph and strep - not used as much for dental infections more orofacial
2. Cephalosporins are stage 3 cell wall synthesis inhibitors - similar mechanism to penicillin - prevents cross-linking
3. Contain beta lactam ring
4. Different selectivity for penicillin binding proteins based on type of bacterial infection |
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Term
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Definition
1. Fluoroquinolone class
2. Synthetic antimicrobial -
3. Mechanism is blocking of DNA synthesis
4. Classed similar to cephalosporins - used more for orofacial infections not really dental infections |
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Term
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Definition
1. Provides false substrate - imitates PABA
2. Enters bacterial cells and inhibits folic acid synthesis - which prevents DNA/RNA/Protein synthesis
3. Bacterior static only |
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Term
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Definition
1. Binds to 30S subunit and prevents elongation
2. Drug of choice for periodontal infections
3. Good choice for penicillin allergy for prophylaxis
4. Side effects - diarrhea, colitis, metallic taste, esophagitis, stomatitis |
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Term
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Definition
1. DHFR Inhibitor - same pathway as sulfonamides but different point - ultimately blocks DNA/RNA/Protein synthesis
2. Wide spectrum and bacteriostatic
3. Used in combination w/ sulfonamides to create true synergism |
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Term
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Definition
1. Antiretroviral - Used to treat HIV - slows reproduction of virus
2. Reverse transcriptase inhibitor -
3. Terminates DNA synthesis - prevents viral RNA from being transcribed into host DNA and replicated |
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Term
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Definition
1. Inhibits DNA polymerase - substrate incorporated into viral DNA and causes chain termination
2. Used to treat Human Herpes Simplex Virus
3. Low toxicity
4. Doesn't have a 3' end so no more nucleotides can be added - how it terminates chain |
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Term
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Definition
1. Macrolide antifungal - perturbs cell membrane
2. good alternative for penicillin
3. Used for periodontal infections
4. Used for fungus and yeast - most commonly for candidiasis infections
5. Creates channels for Na+, K+, H+ |
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Term
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Definition
1. Antifungal - inhibits enzyme that synthesizes sterol for cell wall @ DNA level
2. Drug of choice for oropharyngeal candidiasis
3. Headache, Rash, GI |
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Term
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Definition
1. Antifungal - inhibits cell wall component @ DNA level
2. Used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis
3. IV infections 1x per day
4. Very few side effects |
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Term
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Definition
1. Stage 2 Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
2. One of few antibacterials effective against MRSA
3. Bactericidal agent
4. Binds to terminal end of pentapeptide and prevents elongation |
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Term
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Definition
1. Derivative of penicillin mold first discovered in 1928
2. One of the most commonly used antibiotics for dental infections - can be used for almost all dental infections
3. Stage 3 inhibitor of cell wall synthesis - prevents cross linking of pentapeptides
4. Hypersensitivity is major concern - 2-3 percent of population - 400 deaths per year in US |
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Term
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Definition
1. Protease inhibitor - proteases break peptide bonds in proteins and are needed for RNA viruses to replicate
2. Used to treat HIV
3. Used in combination with other antivirals
4. Side effects, nausea, vomiting, weird sensations around mouth(perioral parasthesia), and loss of taste(dysguesia) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Chemotherapy Drug - mitotic inhibotor
2. Inhibits tubulin polymerization |
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Term
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Definition
1. Chemotherapy drug - mitotic inhibitor - taxol
2. Stabilizes microtubules - halts cell division - disrupts microtubule dynamic instability
3. Natural origin - western yew tree bark |
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Term
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Definition
1. Platinum complex
2. Enters cell via diffusion - breaks H-bonds and unwinds DNA |
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Term
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Definition
1. Chemotherapy drug - inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
2. Stabilizes unwound DNA - produces fragmented DNA |
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Term
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Definition
1. Chemotherapy drug - DNA synthesis Inhibitor
2. Toxic to oral mucosa - mucositis, ulcerative stomatitis, gingivitis, glossitis
3. Avoid NSAIDS and Pennicilin - increases toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Estrogen antagonist - used to treat breast cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Testosterone antagonist - used to treat prostate cancer |
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Term
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Definition
1. Chemotherapy drug - antimetabolite
2. False substrate for thymine - interfers w/ RNA function
3. Can cause mucositis |
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Term
Basic Mechanisms/Classes
1. Sulfa Drugs
2. Penicillins/Cephalosporins
3. Polymyxins
4. Clindamycin, Macrolides
5. Metronidazole, Fluoroquinolones |
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Definition
1. Anti-metabolites - provide false substrates
2. Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis
3. Perturb Cell Membranes
4. Inhibit Protein Synthesis
5. Block Nucleic Acid Metabolism |
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