Term
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Definition
| Includes gentamicin, streptomycin. MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.
Resistance: Plasmids encode enzymes to deactivate the drug; Altered 30s ribosome that will not bind drug.
Treats: Gram - bacilli |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes penicillins. MOA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis to cause osmotic lysis of the cell. Resistance: Altered penicillin-binding proteins will not bind drug; Outer-membrane porin shape changes—cell impermeable; Plasmid encodes b-lactamase (opens lactam ring)
Treats: Gram + and some Gram - |
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Term
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Definition
| MOA: Alters cell membrane leading to cellular leakage.
Resistance: Phosphorylation of undecaprenol.
Treats: Mostly gram + |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes: tyrocidin, gramicidin.
: Interferes with cell membrane leading to cellular leakage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes: erythromycin, azithromycin
MOA: Block translation & protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.
Resistance: Changed membrane transport system prevents drug from entering the cell.
Treats: gram + |
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Term
| Antibiotics that interfere with the 50S subunit |
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Definition
| A. Macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin) - Gram +
B. Lincosamides (lincomycin, clindamycin) - Gram + cocci
C. Chloramphenicol (chloromycetin) - Gram + and -
D. Oxazolidinones (linezolid) - Gram +
E. Streptogramins (quinupristin and dlfopristin in combination) - Most Gram + |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes: tetracycline, doxycycline
MOA: Bind to the small ribosomal subunits so as to prevent aminoacyl transfer RNA from entering the acceptor sites on the ribosome
Resistance: New membrane transport system pumps drug out of cell
Treats: Aerobic and anaerobic Gram + and – |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
MOA: Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis via topoisomerases
Resistance: Not given
Treats: Most Gram -, some Gram + |
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Term
| Sulfonamides + Trimethoprim |
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Definition
| Includes: Sulfamethoxazole, others
MOA: Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis via cofactor tetrahydrofolate synthesis
Resistance: Not given
Treats: Gram + & - |
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Term
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Definition
| MOA: Drug is activated by microbial proteins flavodoxin and feredoxin. The activated drug puts nicks in DNA strands.
Resistance: Not given
Treats: Anaerobic Gram - |
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Term
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Definition
| MOA: Blocks aerobic energy production and synthesis of several cellular components (DNA, RNA, cell wall, and proteins).
Resistance: Not given
Treats: Gram – and Gram + |
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Term
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Definition
A. Rifampin, treats Gram +
B. Isoniazid, treats Mycobacteria |
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