Term
What are antibiotics effective against?
a. viruses
b. bacteria
c. fungi |
|
Definition
b. bacteria
- Not effective against viruses or fungi |
|
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Term
| Whenever possible, which should be used, narrow or broad spectrum antibiotics? |
|
Definition
| - Narrow spectrum antibiotics should be used instead of broad spectrum whenever possible |
|
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Term
| Which penicillins are narrow spectrum (+) and penicillinase sensitive? |
|
Definition
-aqueous penicillin G (Bicillin)
-Procaine Penicillin
-PenVeek |
|
|
Term
| Which penicillins are broad spectrum (+ and -) and penicillinase sensitive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which penicillins are extended spectrum (-) and penicillinase sensitive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which penicillins are narrow spectrum (+) and penicillinase resistant? |
|
Definition
-anti staph penicillins
-dicloxacillin (Dynapen) |
|
|
Term
| Which penicillins are extended spectrum (+ and -) and penicillinase resistant? |
|
Definition
- amoxicillin + clauvalnic (Augmentin)
-pipercillin + tazobactam (Zosyn) |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of aminopenicillins -- amoxicillin (Amoxil)? |
|
Definition
-sinusitis (inflammation of sinuses)
-otitis media (inflammation of ear)
-bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of penicillinase resistant penicillins -- dicloxacillin (Dynapen)? |
|
Definition
| - to treat serious infections: bone and joint, CNS, endocarditis, septicemia (bacteria in blood) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 betalactamase inhibitors? |
|
Definition
- Clavulanic acid
- Sulbactam
- Tazobactam |
|
|
Term
| What is amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid = ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is ampicillin + sulbactam = ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is piperacillin + tazobactam = ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is ticarcillin + Clavulanic acid = ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are penicillinase aka betalactamase inhibitors effective against? |
|
Definition
- gram (+)
- gram (-)
- anaerobes
- betalactamase producing bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What are the common drugs of Macrolide's? |
|
Definition
- Erythromycin
- azithromyin (Zithromax) |
|
|
Term
| What are Tetracyclines effective against? |
|
Definition
- some gram (+)
- some gram (-)
- Rickettsia
- Mycoplasma
- Chlamydia
- H. pylori (stomach bacteria that causes peptic ulcer) |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of Tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
- Drug of choice for Chlamydia, Rickettsia infections (Lyme disease, Rocky mountain spotted fever)
- Often used to treat acne and serious skin infections |
|
|
Term
| What are the common drugs of Tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
- doxycycline (Vibramycin)
- minocycline (Minocin) |
|
|
Term
| What is the common drug for Carbapenems? |
|
Definition
| - meropenem (Merrem) - used t treat serious mixed infections |
|
|
Term
| What must you monitor when giving Cephalosporins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the common drugs of the 1st generation Cephalosporins? -- PO? IM/IV? |
|
Definition
PO: cephalexin (Keflex)
IM/IV: cefezolin sodium (Ancef) |
|
|
Term
| What are the common drugs of the 2nd generation Cephalosporins? -- PO? IM/IV? |
|
Definition
PO: cefuroxime (Ceftin) -> otitis, sinusitis, and resp. tract infections
IM/IV: cefozitin sodium (Mefoxin) -> abdominal and pelvic infections |
|
|
Term
| What are the common drugs of the 3rd generation Cephalosporins? -- PO? IM/IV? |
|
Definition
PO: cefixime (Suprax)
IM/IV: cefriaxone (Rocephin) |
|
|
Term
| What are the common drugs of the 4th generation Cephalosporins? -- PO? IM/IV? |
|
Definition
| IM/IV: cefepime (Maxipime) IV |
|
|
Term
| What is the M.O.A. for Sulfonamides? |
|
Definition
| - inhibit the synthesis of folic acid (bacteria uses folic acid to synthesize their DNA) |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of Sulfonamides? |
|
Definition
| - UTI's and Chlamydia, pneumocytis carinii pneumonia, and rheumatic fever |
|
|
Term
| What are the common drugs for sulfonamides? |
|
Definition
- Trimethomprim
- Trimethroprim + sulfisoxazole (TMP/SMP)
- Septra, Bactrim |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of Lincosamide's? |
|
Definition
- used to treat diseases of the skin, vagina, resp. tract and abdomen.
- effective against skin infections d/t MRSA
- powerful inhibitor of toxin synthesis
- often used with a bacteriocidal agent |
|
|
Term
| what is the M.O.A. of Lincosamide's? |
|
Definition
- Inhibit protein synthesis
- Bacteriostatic at low doses and bacteriocidal at higher doses |
|
|
Term
| What is the common drug of Lincosamide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic uses for Aminglycosides? |
|
Definition
- Destroy bacteria
- Cannot give PO d/t poor absorption except prior to GI surgery
- Used to treat serious infections d/t aerobic bacilli and gram (-) organisms |
|
|
Term
| What is the M.O.A. for Aminglycoside's? |
|
Definition
- Inhbit bacterial protein synthesis
- narrow spectrum gram (-)
- Do not penetrate CSF, cross BBB in children but not adults |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of Aminglycosides d/t high trough levels? |
|
Definition
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| What are the common drugs for Aminglycoside's? |
|
Definition
- gentamicin sulfate (Garamycin)
- amikacin (Amikin)
- neomycin (Mycifradin) |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of Floroquinolones? |
|
Definition
- Many gram (-), some anerobes, atypicals
:UTI's, bone and joint infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, gonorrhea
- Good for people allergic to erythromycin
- Accumulates well in urine and prostate |
|
|
Term
| What are the common drugs of Floroquinolones? |
|
Definition
- ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
- levofoxacin (Levaquin)
** IV Levaquin is sensitive to light -> will use brown plastic bag to cover IVPB |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of Vancomycin? |
|
Definition
- Narrow Spectrum gram (-)
- Vavcomycin is udes IV to treat serious infections and Enterococci
- Vancocin is used PO to treat C. difficile colitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the common drug of Vancomycin? |
|
Definition
| vancomycin IV (Vancocin) PO |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of Oxazolidinones? |
|
Definition
- Primarily used to treat vancomycin - resistant enterococcus (VRE)
- Used to treat infections d/t MRSA |
|
|
Term
| What is the common drug for Oxazolidinones? |
|
Definition
linezolid (Zyvox) PO, IV
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What is metronidazole/Flagyl? |
|
Definition
- considered both an antibiotic and anti-parasitic agent
- 1st line treatment for C. diff collitis
- prescribed to treat infections d/t anaerobic bacteria and some protozoa
- also used for abdominal and pelvic infections |
|
|
Term
| What is the adverse effect of oxazolidinones? |
|
Definition
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