Term
|
Definition
| Antibiotic resistant gram positive organisms i.e. MRSA, penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Streptococci
(except penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae)
Spirochetes
(T. pallidum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram positive cocci only
includes S. aureus
Except MRSA
Niche therapeutics:
Non-MRSA S. aureus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mixed gram positive and gram negative
Streptococci
Borrelia
Haemophilus
E. coli
Niche therapeutics:
Borrelia in young children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Broad activity against streptococci and gram negative bacilli
Niche therapeutics:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Combination drug retains activity of parent drug
Adds coverage against B-lactamase producing organisms, i.e.,
S. aureus
H. flu
anaerobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first generation cephalosporins
Staphylococci and streptococci of the skin and skin structures
Except MRSA
Except penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae
Niche pharmacokinetics
Does not penetrate the CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
second generation cephalosporins
Respiratory flora
H. influenzae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
third generation cephalosporins
Very broad activity against gram negative organisms except Pseudomonas
Retains good activity against gram positive cocci
Niche pharmacokinetics
Very long half life (lot of hepatic excretion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
third generation cephalosporins
Broad active against gram negative organisms including Pseudomonas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cephalosporins: 4th generation
Cefepime
Broad coverage
Covers everything ceftazidime does and GPC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aerobic gram negative bacilli and Pseudomonas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The most broad spectrum drug for extra-cellular organisms
Active against almost all but MRSA and enterococcus |
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycosides (gentamicin and amikacin) |
|
Definition
| Aerobic gram negative bacilli including Pseudomonas |
|
|
Term
| tetracycline and doxycycline |
|
Definition
Intracellular organisms i.e. rickettsiae
CA-MRSA |
|
|
Term
| erythromycin and azithromycin |
|
Definition
Intracellular organisms i.e. Chlamydia
Aerobic gram positive cocci in penicillin allergic patients
Upper respiratory tract infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aerobic gram positive cocci
anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| streptogramin (quinupristin and dalfopristin) |
|
Definition
| Resistant gram positive cocci i.e. MRSA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resistant gram positive cocci including MRSA, penicillin resistant pneumococcus and enterococcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Board questions on toxicity
(Toxicity
Idiosyncratic bone marrow aplasia
Dose related bone marrow suppression) |
|
|
Term
| Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) |
|
Definition
Very broad spectrum including extra and intracellular organisms
Oral agent for Pseudomonas |
|
|
Term
| trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole |
|
Definition
Clinical use
Aerobic gram negative bacilli (i.e. E. coli in UTI) Niche therapeutics
Pneumocystis infection
CA-MRSA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that are effective against S. aureus |
|
Definition
Penicillins
(Nafcillin
Any penicillin plus a B-lactamase inhibitor)
Cephalosporins
(Cefazolin most classic
Most 2nd and 3rd generation)
Carbapenems
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Vancomycin
TMP-SMX
Niche drugs for resistance
(Streptogramin
Linezolid) |
|
|
Term
| Drugs used to treat Pseudomonas |
|
Definition
Penicillins
(Piperacillin)
Cephalosporins
(Ceftazidime)
Carbapenems
(Imipenem-cilastin)
Aztreonam
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
| Excellent anaerobic drugs |
|
Definition
Clindamycin
Carbapenems (imipenem)
Piperacillin
Penicillins and B-lactamase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of intracellular organisms |
|
Definition
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Fluoroquinolones
Tetracycline: rickettsiae
Macrolides: chlamydia trachomatis
Fluoroquinolones: respiratory pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Poor or little:
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Cefazolin
Vancomycin
Modest with inflammation:
All others
Well:
TMP-SMX
Metronidazole
Chloramphenicol
Rifampin |
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