Term
| cephalosporins: bactericidal or bacteriostatic |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the contraindications for Fluoroquinolones therapy? |
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Definition
| hypersensitivity, children under the age of 18, pregnancy (catagory C), patients who cannot adhere to photosensitivity precautions |
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Term
| are Fluoro's bactericidal or bacteriostatic? |
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Definition
| they are bactericidial and interfer with the synthesis of bacterial DNA, preventing cell reproduction which leads to the death of the bacteria |
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Term
| what type of anti-infective is most commonly prescribed throughout the perioperative period? |
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Definition
cephalosporins
ex:
cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol)
cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
cefotaxime (Claforin)
ceftriaxone (Rocephin) |
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Term
| Are the tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bactericidal? |
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Definition
| bactericidical, inhibit bacterial protein synthesis necessary for reproduction of organism |
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Term
What anti-infective would a nurse expect a patient to be prescribed if they are suffering from any of these bacteria:
E. coli
Klebsiella
Staph aureus |
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Definition
| Sulfonamides are often used to control infections caused by both gram-negative and positive bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. |
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Term
| Name 4 common GI system adverse reactions associated with the use of a penicillin type anti-infective. |
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Definition
| glossitis, stomatitis, gastritis, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea |
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Term
| which of the four different groups of penicillin (natural, penicillinase-resistant, aminopenicillinase is used to treat infections by Pseudomonas? |
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Definition
| extended spectrum penicillins |
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Term
| name two common superinfections. |
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Definition
| pseudomembranous colitis (ex: C. diff), candidiasis (ex: yeast infection) |
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Term
| where do fungal superinfections usually occur? |
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Definition
GI and reproductive systems
s/s include: lesions of the mouth or tongue, vaginal discharge, anal/vaginal itching |
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Term
| one adverse reaction of taking a lincosamide is the development of blood dyscrasias. A patient asks you to explain what that means. What would you say? |
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Definition
| blood dyscrasias simply means there is abnormality of the blood cell structure or function |
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Term
| what are the contraindications for lincosamides? |
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Definition
| infants less than 1 month old, hypersensitivity, patients with minor bacterial or viral infections |
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Term
| cephalosporins are divided into generations according to what? |
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Definition
| sensitivity to microorganisms. |
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Term
| what s/s would indicate the presence of a superinfection? (list at least 3) |
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Definition
fever, bloody diarrhea, rectal bleeding, abdominal cramping
think: fever = infection
blood in place not belonged = problem
diarrhea = common effect with anti-infectives |
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Term
| penicillins exhibit what type of effect on bacteria? |
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Definition
| bactericidal by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis, or protein synthesis |
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Term
| name the four groups of penicillins. |
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Definition
| natural, penicillinase-resistant, aminopenicillins, extended-spectrum |
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Term
| which form of penicillin drug therapy is used to treat as a prophylatic, rheumatic fever, or chorea? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anaphylactic shock occurs more frequentally after oral administration. True or false? |
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Definition
| false. it occurs more frequently with the use of parenteral administration. |
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Term
| name the one fluoroquinolone drug approved for bone cancer and joint infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| taking ______, _______, and ______ while also taking a fluoroquinolone anti-infective would result in a decrease in the effect of the drug. |
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Definition
| antacids, iron, sucralfate |
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Term
| it's safe to say that if the generic name ends in -floxacin, that the drug belongs to the __________ group of anti-infectives. |
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Definition
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Term
| if the generic name begins with _________, it's safe to assume that it belongs to the cephalosporin group of anti-infectives. |
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Definition
| cef- (ceph- for the drug Keflex) |
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Term
| if a patient is allergic to penicillin would it be okay for them to take a drug in the cephalosporin group? |
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Definition
| a culture test would need to be performed. approximately 10% of people allergic to penicillin are also allergic to cephalosporin due to the close relationship the two groups share. |
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Term
| what is the first thing a nurse should do before administering any antibiotic? |
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Definition
| perform a culture and sensitivity test. liver and kidney tests may also be ordered by a physician. |
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Term
| what are the s/s of a disuliram-like reaction when a patient consumes alcohol within 72 hours of a cephalosporin administration. |
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Definition
| flushing, throbbing in the head and neck, difficulty breathing, vomiting, sweating, chest pain, hypotension |
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Term
| how often should a nurse check a patients skin for any adverse reactions such as redness, rash, or lesions to appear |
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Definition
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Term
| why is it so important to report a rash or hives to the primary health care provider after the administration of a cephalosporin? |
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Definition
| it could be a precursor to a more serious reaction such as Steven Johnsons syndrome or an anaphylactic reaction |
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Term
| what is the typical result seen in children who were administered tetracycline? |
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Definition
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Term
| if a patient is allergic to penicillin and has been diagnosed with syphillis, what drug would you expect to see prescribed instead? |
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Definition
| tetracycline can be used to treat syphillis when a penicillin cannot be administered. |
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Term
| you notice the ending of a generic medicine is -vir, what class of drugs would you safely assume it belongs to? |
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Definition
antivirals
ex:
acyclovir (herpes/varicella zoster)
ganciclovir (CMV prevention in transplant patients) |
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Term
| what are the three major undesirable effects associated aminoglycoside administration? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient has been prescribed an anti-infective and is experiencing lack of appetite due to nausea, as well as complaining of a ringing in their ears and photosensitivity. They were prescribed gentamycin. What classifaction of anti-infectives does gentamycin belong to? |
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Definition
aminoglycoside
other drugs include:
amikacin, kanamycin, neomycin, tobramycin, paramycin
aminoglycosides = (-myc) |
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Term
| a patient has been diagnosed with an infection of Helicobacter pylori, a bacteria responsible for the formation of stomach ulcers. Which anti-infective would the nurse expect the doctor to prescribe? |
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Definition
tetracycline
other uses include:
rocky mtn spotted fever, chlamydia, some skin and soft tissue infections, as an adjunct in treating acne |
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Term
| erythromycin, a _________, has bacteriostatic/bacteriocidal effects by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. |
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Definition
| macrolide, bacteriostatic |
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Term
| aminoglycosides are used primarily in the treatment of infections caused by gram-(positive/negative) microorganisms and can be used to reduce bacteria in the bowel when patients are having abdominal surgery. |
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Definition
gram-negative
ex: kanamycin, neomycin |
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Term
| what are the s/s of nephrotoxicity? (try and list 5!) |
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Definition
| proteinuria, hematuria, increase in BUN (blood urea nitrogen) level, decrease in urine output, and increase in serum creatinine concentration. |
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Term
| what are the s/s of ototoxicity? (try and list 5!) |
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Definition
| tinnitus, dizziness, roaring in ears, vertigo, mild-severe loss of hearing |
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Term
| what are the s/s of neurotoxicity? (try and list at least 5!) |
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Definition
| numbness, skin tingling, circumoral (around the mouth) paresthesia, peripheral paresthesia, tremors, muscle twitching, convulsions, muscle weakness, and neuromuscular blockade (acute muscular paralysis and apnea) |
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Term
| list at least 4 adverse reactions associated with the use of a sulfonamide. |
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Definition
| anorexia, diarrhea, stomatitis,crystalluria, photosensitivity,urticaria (hives), pruritis (itching) |
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Term
| toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and steven johnson's syndrome (SJS) are two very serious types of adverse reactions that can occur with the use of which type of anti-infective? |
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Definition
sulfonamides
aka "sulfa-" drugs |
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Term
| patients with ______ (serious adverse reaction to an anti-infective) may complain of fever, cough, muscular aches and pains, and headache as well as the development of red wheals and blisters on the face, mouth, lips, and neck. |
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Definition
| steven johnson's syndrome |
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Term
| a patient is prescribed a drug containing -thromycin as the ending in the generic name. what class of anti-infectives does this drug belong? |
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Definition
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Term
| a patient is prescribed an anti-infective whose generic name ends with -cycline. which class does this drug belong? |
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Definition
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