penicillin G procaine (Crysticillin,Wycillin)

penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin)

penicillin G sodium/potassium (Pentids,Pfizerpen)

penicillin V potassium (V-cillin K,Veetids,Betapen VK)

Broad-Spectrum Penicillins

(Aminopenicillins)

amoxicillin (Amoxil)

ampicillin (Polycillin, Omipen)

bacampicillin HCl (Spectrobid)

oxacillin sodium (Prostaphlin, Bactocill)

cloxacilliin (Tegopen)

dicloxacillin sodium (Dynapen)

methicillin (Staphcillin)

nafcillin (Nafcin, Unipen)

Extended-spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal)

carbenicillin indanyl (Geocillin,Geopen)

mezlocillin sodium (Mezlin)

piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)

ticarcillin-clavulanate (Timentin)

amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Augmentin)

ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)

piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)

ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (Timentin)

Penicillin's beta-lactam structure (beta-lactam ring) interferes with bacterial cell-wall synthesis and the bacteria die of cell lysis.

Can be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on drug and dosage.

penicillins are the med of choice for g+ cocci such as streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus viridans, and streptococcus pyogenes

Also first choice for meningitis caused by g- neisseria meningitides, and syphillis caused by spirochete treponema pallidum

respiratory infections

urinary tract infections

otitis media

sinusitis

skin infections

1. Allergy or hypersensitivity

2. Superinfection

3. Organ toxicity

- beta-lactam structure w/ similar actions to penicillins

- 4 generations with each gen being

• more effective against g- oraganisms and anaerobes
• less likely to be destroyed by beta-lactamase
• more able to reach cerebrospinal fluid

cefadroxil                 (Duricef)

cefazolin sodium       (Ancef,Kefzol)

cephalexin                (Keflex)

cephapirin sodium      (Cefadyl)

cephradine                (Velosef)

Name the 2nd generation Cephalosporins

cefaclor                   (Ceclor)

cefmetazole sodium   (Zefazone)

cefonicid sodium       (Monocid)

cefotetan                 (Cefotan)

cefoxitin sodium        (Mefoxin)

cefprozil monohydrate (Cefzil)

cefuroxime                (Ceftin, Zinacef)

Name the 3rd generation Cephalosporins

cefdinir                   (Omnicef)

cefoperazone           (Cefobid)

cefotaxime              (Claforan)

cefpodoxime            (Vantin)

cefftazidime            (Fortaz,Tazicef)

ceftriaxone              (Rocephin)

ceftizoxime sodium   (Cefizox) 

ceftibuten                 (Cedax)

moxalactam disodium (Moxam)

cefditoren pivoxil        (Spectracef)

Name the 4th generation Cephalosporins

What are the therapeutic uses of Cephalosporins?

-used as penicillin substitutes

-bind to 50s ribisomal subunit/inhibit protein sythesis

-PO/IV----not IM(too painful)

-used to treat mild to moderate infections of respiratory tract, sinuses, GI tract, skin and soft tissue, diptheria, impetigo and STDs

1. azithromycin            (Zithromax)

2. clarithromycin           (Biaxin)

3. erythromycin base     (E-Mycin)

-usually PO

-inhibit bacterial protein synthesis(bacteriostatic)

-first-line med for RMSF,typhus,treatment of Chlamydia,mycoplasma pneumonia,Lyme disease,anthrax, GI inf caused by helicobacter pylori and periodontal disease

ciprofloxacin HCl                (Cipro)

gatifloxacin                       (Tequin)

levofloxacin                       (Levaquin)

ofloxacin                           (Floxin)

norfloxacin                        (Noroxin)

UTIs

lower respiratory tract infections

skin, soft tissue, bone, renal and joint infections

- intefere with enzyme DNA gyrase

-bactericidal

bothe g+ and g-