Term
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Definition
Narrow spectum against Gram positive bacteria;
drug of choice for Streptococcus.
Low toxicity
Antibacterial-Inhibition of the cell |
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Term
| Semisynthetic Penicillins |
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Definition
Developed in an attempt to overcome the shortcomings of natural penicillin.
Made from naturally produced penicillin which is altered and added to in the lab.
Examples:
Methicillin (this was the original semisynthetic which was used for penicillinase producing Staphylococcus). The emergence of MRSA strains have decreased the use of methicillin.
Ampicillin – Broad spectrum of activity
Amoxicillin – Broad spectrum of activity
Antibacterial-Inhibition of the cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
very popular and widely used
broad spectrum antibiotic
the production of second, third and fourth generations has resulted in over 70 versions of cepholosporins.
Antibacterial-Inhibition of the cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
Narrow spectrum for Gram positive bacteria
Antibacterial-Inhibition of the cell wall
used mainly as a topical ointment |
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Term
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Definition
Narrow spectrum for Gram positive. For many years this drug has been the last line of treatment for resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Considered very toxic for years, new purification methods have greatly decreased the toxic effects of this drug. The emergence of Enterococcus strains (VRE) and Staphylococcus aureus strains that are ________-resistant are considered a medical emergency.
Antibacterial-Inhibition of the cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
Narrow spectrum drug of choice for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Synthetic which inhibits the production of mycolic acid (a cell wall component of Mycobacterium)
Antibacterial-Inhibition of the cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
Narrow spectrum for Mycobacterium; Synthetic used only a secondary drug to help prevent resistant strains from emerging. Prevents mycolic acid from being incorporated into the cell wall.
Antibacterial-Inhibition of the cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
Broad spectrum; Widely used as a topical.
Antibacterial-Inhibition of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Broad spectrum. Known especially for its effectiveness against Pseudomonas. Used by cystic fibrosis patients.
Antibacterial-Inhibition of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Broad spectrum that was once widely used but is best known today for toxcitiy problems: suppression of bone marrow activity and aplastic anemia (1 in 40,000)
Antibacterial-Inhibition of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Very broad spectrum of activity that works on a wide variety of bacteria and penetrates body tissues well. Side effects include gastrointestional upsets, opportunistic infections (both in part due to their broad spectrum of activity), teeth discoloration in children, and liver damage,as well as, other potential problems if taken by pregnant women. Widely used as additive in animal feeds for weight gain.
Antibacterial-Inhibition of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Narrow spectrum for Gram positive bacteria since it can not penetrate the wall of most Gram negative bacteria. It is often given to children as a substitute for penicillin.
Two other drugs in the same class of macrolides are Azithromycin and Clarithromycin, both of which have a broad spectrum of activity and penetrate tissues better.
Antibacterial-Inhibition of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
brand name for a drug made of antibiotics quinupristin and dalfopristin which works against a broad range of Gram positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. Expensive and a high incidence of side effects are drawbacks.
Antibacterial-Inhibition of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
new synthetic drug approved in 2001 which is used against resistant Gram positive organisms, especially MRSA. Effective against certain Enterococcus strains which have proven resistant to all other drugs. Narrow spectrum with no usefulness against Gram negative bacteria
Antibacterial-Inhibition of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Narrow spectrum against Gram negative bacteria. At one time it was one of the very few drugs effective against Pseudomonas. Used mainly as topical ointment.
Antibacterial-Injury to the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
Broad spectrum which inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Safe for adults, but may adversely affect the development of cartilage, which limits use in children, adolescents, and pregnant women.
Antibacterial-Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis |
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Term
| Sulfonamides or sulfa drugs |
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Definition
Synthetics which were among the first antimicrobial drugs.
Not as widely prescribed today but still used to treat certain urinary tract infections. Broad spectrum of activity
Antibacterial- Competitive inhibition |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-Viral
Used against herpesviruses |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st antiviral approved in US; used to treat influenza but must be given before the virus uncoats |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-Viral
Viral hepatitisand other viral infections |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Anti-Viral
used to treat both herpes and viral hepatitis |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-Fungal
Mainstay for systemic fungal infections for many years |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-Fungal
Used to treat dermatomycoses |
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Term
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Definition
Anti- Protozoan
widely used for protozoan infections such as Giardia and Trichomonas, but also used for certain bacterial infections |
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