Details Title: Anthropology Exam 1 Description: Intro, Culture, & Primates Total Flash Cards: 69 Created: 02/09/2008 13:50:40		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anthropology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Edward Tylor's definition of culture Definition that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society Term ethnocentric Definition believing your culture is superior and proper Term 5 Characteristics of culture Definition shared ideas/behavior culture is learned culture is adaptive cultures change culture is a system Term ethnography Definition fieldwork Term Plato Definition God is a remote creator of matter and the laws of motion by which it operates Term Aristotle [2] Definition Taxonomy of Nature Fixity of Species Term Characteristics of the Enlightenment [2] Definition Progress rational thought Term Empiricalism Definition Explain nature with natural law, not scripture Term Carolus Linnaeus [2] Definition Taxonomy defined species Term George Leclerc Buffon [3] Definition Wrote Natural History Living things adapt to environment experimented with minerals Term Baron George Leopold Cuvier [3] Definition Law of Correlation catastrophism Studied Anatomy--complex Term catastrophism Definition series of catastropies renewed species Term law of correlation Definition interdependence between form and function Term Cenozoic Era Definition age of mammals and birds Term mesozoic era Definition age of reptiles Term Paleozoic Era Definition age of marine life and plants Term Transformism Definition species transform through time Term Erasmus Darwin [2] Definition Transformationism All living things descended from a common ancestor Term Jean-Baptist de Lamarck [3] Definition Employee of Cuvier Inheritance of Acquired Traits Giraffes adapted to changing Savannah Term Charles Lyell [3] Definition Father of Geology Uniformitarianism Life on earth is a continuum Term Uniformitarianism Definition the geologic forces that shape the earth today, shaped it in the past Term Location of Galapagos Islands Definition 650 mi west of Ecuador Term Law of the succession of types Definition modern animals have close relationship with extinct species Term Thomas Malthus Definition Populations expand faster than food supplies; populations level off Term Basic definition of natural selection Definition nature selects favorable traits Term Artificial selection Definition controlled breeding; superior traits selected for and used for reproduction Term 4 reasons Darwin would not publish his theory Definition reputation & honor wife was religious valued religion in society Lyell could not influence him Term Alfred Russell Wallace Definition came up with same theory as Darwin Term sexual selection Definition acts on an organism's ability to obtain and copulate with a mate Term evolution Definition a change in the genetic structure of a population (as a unit) Term species Definition a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Term population Definition a group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area Term gene pool Definition the total complement of genes shared by reproductive members of a population Term gene Definition chunks of genetic material, composed of sequences of DNA. DNA molecule is a double helix. DNA packed into chromosomes Term allele frequencies Definition proportion of alleles in a population Term Conditions for Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium Definition 1. Large pop. w/ much variation 2. No immigration or emigration 3. No new alleles 4. No difference in mortality rates 5. Mating is random Term 4 Causes of Microevolution Definition Mutation Gene Flow Gene Drift Natural Selection Term Bottleneck Effect Definition A catastrophe reduces a population to a much smaller group...alleles in gene pool are reduced Term Founder effect Definition population is genetically different than ancestral population Term speciation or cladogenesis Definition splitting of a species into two Term macroevolution Definition evolutionary change at or above the species level Term phylogeny Definition diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among organisms Term clade Definition a monoplyletic group of organisms; a group of organisms, such as a species, whose members share homologous features derived from a common ancestor. Term homologies Definition similar characteristics that show relatedness Term causes of speciation Definition geographic isolation reduction of gene flow reproductive isolation Term gradualism Definition small, gradual change over long periods of time; upward movement of a lineage Term gradualism Definition small, gradual change over long periods of time; upward movement of a lineage Term punctuated equilibrium Definition species in stasis for a long period of time followed by short, rapid periods of change Term primas Definition of the first rank Term Prosimians Definition "before monkeys" lemurs, lorises, tarsiers Term Anthropoids Definition "human-like" monkeys, apes, and humans Term 3 Strepsirhini Characteristics Definition wet noses whiskers scent glands, most important sense is smell Term 2 Haplorhini (Tarsier) Characteristics Definition dry nose eyes don't reflect light Term 4 Characteristics of Class Mammals Definition reproduction--conceive young inside;live births temp. control--warm-blooded teeth--4 types behavioral diversity--large brain; k-selected Term Human Taxonomy Definition Anthropoidea Catarrhini Hominiodea Hominidae Homo sapiens Term 6 Primate Characteristics Definition 1. Well-developed visual senses 2. Diurnal lifestyles 3. Diverse locomotion; tree and ground 4. Dentition 5. Large Brain 6. K-selected Term stereoscopic vision Definition binocular vision & imagery projected to both sides of brain Term bunodent Definition rounded cusps on molars Term K-selection Definition increased parental investment in young Term 5 Characteristics of Platyrrhini Definition flat noses more to the side live in trees vegetarians 3 families 2 families have prehensile tails and are brachiators Term 2 superfamilies of Catarrhini Definition Cercopithecoidea [Old World Monkeys] & Hominoidea Term 4 characteristics of Cercopithecoidea Definition arboreal & terrestrial omnivorous diet 2123 have tails but not prehensile Term 3 families within Hominoidea Definition Hylobatidae [gibbons & siamangs] Pongidae [gorillas, chimps, and orangutans] Homindae Term 7 Characteristics of Hominoids Definition no tails doubled brain size larger bodies more k-selected 2123 molars have Y-5 pattern large & strong collarbone; shoulder blades toward back Term 6 Characteristics of Gibbons Definition unique ball/socket joint; brachiation masters vocal [territorial] nuclear families; pair-bonding endangered no sexual dimorphism vegetarians Term 2 characteristics of siamangs Definition twice size of gibbons black fur Term 8 characteristics of orangutans Definition "forest man" Sumatra & Borneo Mostly arboreal, but terrestrial males twice the size of females males live alone mother-infant groups 7-8 yr birth interval endangered intelligent Term 8 Characteristics of Gorillas Definition Africa 3 Subspecies Largest primate Terrestrial Quadrupeds Vegetarians Sexually dimorphic; males 400 lbs Dominant male, female harem Term 9 Characteristics of Chimpanzees Definition Africa 2 species more diverse environments Arboreal & terrestrial quadruped Eat anything Varied vocalizations live in multi-male groups behavior revolves around mother-infant bond tool makers