Term
|
Definition
| A group of people who depend on one another for survival or well being |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The way members of a society adapt to an environment and give their lives meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when people consider their own behavior not only right but natural. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of trying to understand cultures within their realm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combines the study of human biology, history, and the learned and shared patterns of human behavior and thought we call culture in order to analyze human groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of human society and culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The description of society and culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trying to capture what ideas and practices mean to a culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trying to compare a culture to western society such as politics economy and so on. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attempt to find the general laws that govern cultural phenomena |
|
|
Term
| Anthropological linguistics |
|
Definition
| The study of language and its relation to culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of the material remains that people leave behind and trying to infer cultural patterns from them |
|
|
Term
| Physical Biological Anthropology |
|
Definition
| studying humans as physical and biological entities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a change in the biological structure or life ways on an individual or population by which it becomes better fitted to survive or reproduce in its environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
when innovations move from one culture to another
Moves by trade, travel, warfare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how people learn their cultural behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
focus on culture as a shared set of norms and values
Presented objective descriptions of cultures within their historical and environmental context |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shared ideas about how things should be done |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cultures ability to change behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Something that stands for something else, may vary across cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shared views about what is true, moral, and standard in a society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the feelings of alienation, loneliness, and isolation common to one who has been placed in a new culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| living among the people they studying, both observing and participating in the culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beliefs, actions, and patterns of social organization tat exclude individuals and groups from equal exercise of humans rights and fundamental freedoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the production of food using the plow, draft animals, and more complex techniques of water and soil control so that land is permanently cultivated and usually needs no fallow period
-Peasants: rural cultivators who produce for the subsistence of their households but also are integrated into larger, complex, state societies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fishing hunting and collecting vegetables and fruits |
|
|
Term
| Horticulture(extensive cultivation) |
|
Definition
production of plants using simple, non-mechanized technology.
o Swidden (slash and burn) cultivation: where a field is cleared by felling the trees and burning the brush |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the whole population moves with the herds throughout the year, and there are no permanent villages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primarily involves the care of domesticated herd animals, whose dairy and meat products are a major part of the pastoralist diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pastoralism men and boys move the animals regularly through the year to different areas as pastures become available at different altitudes or in different climatic zones, while women and children and some men remain at a permanent village site. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rural cultivators who produce for the subsistence of their households but also are integrated into larger, complex, state societies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sitting down a lot not actually working that much |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ways of transforming the material recourses of the environmental recourses of the environment into food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (slash and burn) cultivation: where a field is cleared by felling the trees and burning the brush |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves greater social distance than generalized reciprocity and entails a clear obligation to return, within a reasonable time limit, goods of nearly equal value to those given. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| things that prosperous community members must hold, both religious and secular offices. They are held for a year and require their holders to perform civic duties and to pay for feasts and celebrations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carried out among close kin and carries high moral obligation. Involves a distribution of goods in which no overt account is kept of what is given, and no immediate or specific return is expected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an economic unit, a group of people united by kinship or other links who share a residence and organize production, consumption, and distribution of goods among themselves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the principal distribution mechanism in most of the works societies today. Goods and services are bought and sold at a money price determined, at least in theory, by impersonal market forces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unsociable extreme in exchange. It happens when trade is conducted for the purpose of material advantage and is based on the desire to get the better end of the bargain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the mutual give and take among people of similar status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goods are collected from or contributed by members of a group and then given out to the group in a new pattern. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a category of persons who all have the same opportunity to obtain economic recourses, power, and prestige, and who are ranked high and low in relation to each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to a relatively permanent unequal distribution of goods and services in a society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the accumulation of material recourses or access to the means of producing these recourses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Social honor, and social note, being well known in society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| status given to you based on birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on person’s own efforts to achieve social position. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on birth, or ascribed status. Closed stratification systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| categories of people who view themselves as sharing an ethnic identity that differentiates them from other groups or from the larger society as a whole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| embraces cultural diversity as a positive value that added richness to the whole society emerged to contest older assimilationist views |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ethnicity appears as an independent force that ecxplains why people act collectively in certain ways, whether voting as a political bloc, protecting economic interests or rebelling against national governments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| governments and territories that are identified with culturally homogenous populations and national histories. |
|
|
