Term
| Major Changes in Human Evolution |
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Definition
-Bipedalism
-reduced incisors, canines, and enamel caps on molars
-greatly increased brain size
-tool manufacturing and use |
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Term
| Characteristics of Bipedalism |
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Definition
-Centrally located Foramen Magnum
-S-curve in spine
-Bowl shaped pelvis
-Central angled femur
-robust heel |
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Term
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Definition
-frees up hands
-saves energy
-can see over grass to look for preditors
-can come down from trees*** |
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Term
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Definition
2 types: bpdy and trace(footprint)
-bones and teeth must be in an oxygen free environment like stone, tar, amber,
-rapid burial + time and pressure |
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Term
| Sahelanthropus tchadensis (FIRST HOMINID) |
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Definition
-skull and teeth found
-short face, strong brow ridge, flat face
-combination not seen fossil apes or hominids
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Term
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Definition
| -teeth recovered and suggest bipedalism and arborealism |
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Term
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Definition
-early evolution of bipedalism and social cooperation challenged idea of how early things developed
-Tim White works with this hominid |
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Term
| Why did Paranthropus die out? |
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Definition
| They were too specialized |
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Term
| What ensured Austropithecus survival while Paranthropus died out? |
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Definition
| large cheek teeth, saggital crest, large molars, small incisors, much bigger prognathism |
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Term
| 3 Australopithecus Afarensis fossils |
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Definition
-Laetoli Footprints
-First Family
-Lucy |
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Term
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Definition
-Turkana Boy
-H. ergastar is part of the H. erectus species but is only found in Africa |
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Term
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Definition
-Java Man
-Peking Man
-Dmanisi
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Term
| What is the missing link between Australopithecus and Homo genus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first stone tool user? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-less prognathasis
-sagittal keel-point on top of head
-brain size increase
-long low braincase
-post orbital restriction
-thick cranial wall |
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Term
| What is the first Hominid to leave Africa? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was fire so important for H. erectus? |
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Definition
-released more nutrients in food
-lead to increase brain size/developement
-loss of body hair
-loss of arboreal traits
-protection @ night
-decreased digestive tract, muscle size, and bones
-social gathering |
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Term
| Which Homo species had deliberate bone processing of other hominids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Homo species was the first hunter? |
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Definition
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Term
| How Neanderthals are different from humans: |
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Definition
-larger brains than humans
-smaller frontal lobe
-larger nose and sinuses for cold
-shorter and stockier
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Term
| Neanderthal adaptions to the cold |
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Definition
-large nose and sinuses
-shorter and stockier
-animal hides (cultural)
-more robust |
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Term
| La Chapelle-aux-Saints Fossil is what kind species? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Hobbit Fossil was what species? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Island Dwarfism theory on "The Hobbit"? |
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Definition
| evolves to smaller body because on island with less resources |
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Term
| What is the Microcephalic Sapien theory on "The Hobbit"? |
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Definition
-just a form of a smaller homo sapien
-had disease that caused it to shrink |
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Term
| Where did the H. Sapien disperse to? |
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Definition
Africa> Middle East> Asian> Austrailia> Europe>
N. American> S. American |
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Term
| African Replacement Model |
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Definition
H. Sapien leaves Africa and outcompeted neanderthals and erectus
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Term
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Definition
| Homo sapien leaves Africa, outcompetes homo erectus and then mates with neanderthals in Europe. |
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Term
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Definition
| The modern human developed through H. erectus leaving Africa and through natural selection led to regional difference (races) throughout the whole world |
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Term
| What are the 2 things that lead to the Agricultural Revolution |
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Definition
-Stable Climate
-Population Growth |
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Term
| What changes has Agriculture caused to us Culturally? |
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Definition
-Social heirarchy
-sedentary
-specialization
-trade
-bigger population |
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Term
| What changes has Agriculture brought to us biologically? |
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Definition
-interbirth interval decrease (more babies more frequently)
-longer life spans
-jaw sizze decrease
-smaller stature
-more cavities, illnesses, parasites, population health decreases
-
-
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Term
| Domestication Influence on Plants and Animals |
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Definition
-the wild version sometimes becomes extinct
-dogs and cats self-domesticated by hanging around humans
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Term
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Definition
-corn not very nutritious
-humans naturally lactose intolerant
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Term
| Types of Trauma to the Body |
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Definition
-antemortem: before death
-perimortem: around time of death, usually cause of death
-postmortem: after death |
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Term
| What are the 4 goals of forensic anthropology? |
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Definition
-provide positive identification
-determine cause of death
-provide evidence to legal authorities
-be a reliable witness |
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Term
| Variation/Analysis performed in a forensic investigation |
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Definition
-sex based on bones
-age based on teeth, fusion of sutures and other bones
-stature based on bones+formula
-cause of death (trauma)
-had kids or not--pelvic scarring
-Ethnicity based on bones and skull
-Culture: modifications, piercings, tattoos |
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Term
| Neanderthals used what kinds of tools? |
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Definition
| Mousterian Tools: points, scrapers, hand axes |
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Term
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Definition
-used Levallois technique: chipping away at stone for flakes, multiple tools from one core
-wooden spears |
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Term
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Definition
-Acheulian Tools: soft hammer technique
-fire |
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