Home > Flashcards > Anthropology > Anthro Exam 2

Details Title: Anthro Exam 2 Description: exam 2 Total Flash Cards: 98 Created: 10/31/2007 16:08:30	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Kinesics Definition Methods for describing, classifying, and analyzing body languages (ursala) Term Phonemes Definition Basic sounds that make up a language (clicking) Term Morphemes Definition Smallest combination of sounds that have meaning… they have acquired the status of being symbols (natural starting point for teaching languages) Term Grammar Definition How the sounds are structured into meaningful, larger units Term Syntax Definition Rules by which sentences and phrases are put together Term Paralanguage Definition Voice qualities (pitch, tempo, resonance) Term Voice characterizers Definition Things you talk through. You talk through a yell, a laugh, or a yawn Term Voice qualifiers Definition Think of italics and boldface in form. You intentionally do this. They are brief and usually one word, a few words at most) Term Voice segregates Definition Like a language but it is not really a word (ex: umm, shhh, uh-huh). They are used to divide up language Term Standard language Definition Also called high language. It is usually written more formal than spoken Term Diglossia Definition The ability to go back and forth between high and low language (standard and nonstandard language) Term Dialect Definition Identifiable sub-variety in a language associated with different geographies and different social groups Term Argot Definition Type of professional or trade language that is associated with people who have particular activities in common Term Jargon Definition A very formal trades language and words Term Slang Definition A more informal trade language Term Pidgin Definition A non language that functions as a language (sort of a mixture of 2 languages) Term Creole Definition A pidgin that has developed into a full blown language. It has developed a vocabulary and a rich grammar Term Lingua Franca Definition The Language becomes internationalized. (English, German, French) Term Artificial language Definition Create a language from scratch and get people to use it…. They have all failed because it is easier to use one that is already developed. Ex: Esperanto Term Structuralism Definition Culture is shaped by innate mental structures and processes a priori Term Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Definition Language controls – enhances or limits – perceptions of reality (names we use for things control how we see them, if we don’t have names we don’t see them Term Monotheism Definition One God system Term Polytheism Definition Belief in many gods Term Totems Definition Usually an animal. Sometimes a plant or object. People believe that this object is related to/connected to their clan Term Animism Definition Belief of spirits in nature. Personal. They think and feel. Deal w/ them like a child Term Animatism Definition Dealing with an impersonal force. This force is dangerous, but can also be helpful. Common word for this is Mana Term Ministers and Elders Definition They counsel, teach, administrate and lead. Not necessarily higher than the people. You do not access God through them. They can be non professionals. Term Priests and Priestesses Definition Intermediaries between people and Gods. You approach god through them. They are totally committed, they are a full time specialist. They make sacrifices. Always associated with sacrificial religions Term Shaman Definition Require payment for services – look at list Term Magic Definition The manipulation of supernatural forces, to intervene and alter the force of nature or human events Term White magic Definition Magic done for good Term Black magic Definition Magic done with a bad intent Term Imitative magic Definition The use of images to produce magic (ex: voodoo dolls) Term Contact/contagious magic Definition Magic done on things that have come in contact with people Term Divination Definition Using magic to tell the future Term Benge – Poison Oracle Definition The highest oracle. Gives poison in equal doses to two chickens. In the way you ask the questions, one chicken lives and one must die Term Termite Oracle Definition Stick 2 sticks or a forked stick into a termite mound. You want one to be eaten and the other to be left alone Term Rubbing Board Oracle Definition Basically it is Ouija Term Nativism Definition People given power as a people and promised that they will conquer people Term Millenarian Definition Movements associated with a messiah figure of some type. Supposed to be God in human flesh that bring along a golden age…a millennium Term Separatistic Definition Summarized by the Biblical phrase “come out from among them and be ye holy” Term Syncretism Definition Any situation where you combine 2 or more religions and from it make something new. You are essentially synthesizing religion Term Voodoo Definition Blending of Roman Catholicism with African religion Term Gran Maitre Definition The supreme being Term Loa Definition The saints Term Rada Definition The good Loa, they are safer Term Petro Definition The malevolent loa – they are the most powerful, cruel and cunning Term Corps cadaver Definition Your body of flesh Term N’ame Definition Vital energy that animates your flesh, when you die this is drained into the soil Term Z’etoille Definition Star of destiny – it guides your future Term Gros-Bon-Ange Definition Cosmic life force that permeates your body. This is the big angel Term Tri-Bon-Ange Definition Personality (the personal part of your soul) Term Duppy Definition Freudian Id.(desires of the Id are selfish and if left unguided are evil) Term Zombi Astral Definition A spiritual zombie. What the tri-bon-angi and the duppy become if taken by the sorcerer Term Zombie cadavre Definition A dead body brought back from the grave and used as a mindless slave Term Houngan Definition A voodoo priest. Term Mambo Definition A voodoo priestess Term Bokar Definition A voodoo evil sorcerer Term Asson Definition The office the voodoo priest/priestess holds (rattle of office) Term Hounfort Definition A place where a lot of the voodoo things are kept for ceremonies Term Mojo bag Definition A little bag filled with charms that will protect you Term Family of orientation Definition By birth or adoption Term Family of procreation Definition Created by marriage Term Consanguines Definition People related to by blood Term Conjugal relatives Definition Related to by marriage Term Affines Definition In laws Term Exogamous restrictions Definition Restrictions that say you have to marry outside of this group Term Endogamous Restrictions Definition Says that you have to marry inside of this group Term De Facto Endogamy Definition Have endogamous restrictions that are not official but are real Term Polygamy Definition Can be married to more than one person at the same time Term Polygyny Definition A man is married to more than one woman at the same time Term Polyandry Definition A woman is married to more than one man at the same time Term Group marriage Definition More than one husband is married to more than one wife at the same time Term Serial monogamy Definition Used to describe groups that have high divorce rates, since they don’t take their wives at one time, and then they don’t support them or their children Term Sororal polygyny Definition A man marries a woman and her sister to try to tone down the jealousy Term Levirate marriage Definition A woman marries one of her husbands brothers after her husbands death Term Sororate marriage Definition A man marries the sister of his dead wife Term Parallel cousin Definition The children of the same sex siblings of your parent Term Patrilateral parallel cousin marriage Definition Marry your father’s brothers child Term Matrilateral parallel cousin marriage Definition Marry your mother’s sisters child Term Cross cousin Definition The opposite sex children Term Matrilateral cross cousin marriage Definition Marry your Mother’s brothers child Term Patrilateral cross cousin marriage Definition Marry your Fathers sisters child Term Bride wealth Definition Transfer money from the groom’s family to the brides family during marriage. A payment for the bride Term Dower Definition Money that goes to the bride, not her family Term Bride service Definition A man works for his father-in-law to pay for the bride Term Dowery Definition A woman has an inheritance that she brings with her into the marriage Term Union libre Definition Out of wedlock (single mom and kids) Term Non-Extended Definition Just a man, his wife, and their kids Term Extended Joint (Horizontal) Definition A family that lives in a household with his brothers Term Extended Stern (Vertical) Definition Live with your parents and have kids Term Large Multiple Definition Called this if it is extended both horizontally and vertically Term Locality Definition With whom do you live when you get married Term Patrilocal Definition Live with the groom’s family after marriage Term Matrilocal Definition Live with the bride’s family after you get married Term Neolocal Definition Live wherever you want after you get married Term Biolocal Definition You choose either the bride’s family or the groom’s family. You have to live with one or the other, but you have a choice about which one Term Avunvulocal Definition After marriage you live with the husband’s mother’s brother