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Anthro 200 - Exam 1 Terms
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Anthropology
Undergraduate 3
09/21/2011

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Term
anthropology
Definition
the academic discipline that studies all of humanity from a broad perspective
Term
adaptation
Definition
how organisms survive and reproduce in their environments
Term
morphology
Definition
the study of the units of meaning in language
Term
kinesics
Definition
the interpretation of body language, facial expressions, gestures and other non-verbals
Term
enculturation
Definition
(socialization) the transmission, by means of social learning, of cultural knowledge to the next generation
Term
endocannibalism
Definition
eating dead members of one's own tribe, culture, group in the belief they will gain the spirit or characteristics of the dead or will continue life after death
Term
holism
Definition
assumption that any aspect of culture is integrated with others, no dimension can be understood in isolation
Term
ethnocentrism
Definition
the idea that one's morals, values, customs of one's own culture are superior to others
Term
morpheme
Definition
combination of phonemes that communicates a standardized meaning
Term
proximics
Definition
study of measurable distances between people as they interact
Term
acculturation
Definition
the cultural changes that happen when members of two different traditions come into contact
Term
bride service
Definition
a custom in which a man spends time working for the family of his bride
Term
participant observation
Definition
main technique in ethnographic studies, involves living among people and participating in their daily activities
Term
emic view
Definition
the description of a cultural that comes from someone who is in the culture
Term
etic view
Definition
the description of a culture that comes from an observer or outsider
Term
free morpheme
Definition
a morpheme that can be used alone (run, try, do, wear)
Term
bound morpheme
Definition
a morpheme that cannot stand alone (re-, un-, -er)
Term
sociolinguistics
Definition
specialty within cultural anthropology that studies how language is related to culture, as well as the social uses of speech
Term
potlach
Definition
gift-giving festival and primary economic system of a culture, hereditary leader hosts and the main purpose is the redistribution and reciprocity of wealth
Term
bride price (bride wealth)
Definition
a custom in which a prospective groom and his relatives are required to give goods, property, wealth to the relatives of the bride in order to validate the marriage
Term
phonology
Definition
study of the sound system of language
Term
syntax
Definition
study of the principles and rules constructing phrases and sentence structure in language
Term
ethnography
Definition
written description of the way of life of some human population
Term
name taboos
Definition
cultural taboo against writing or speaking the names of exalted people
Term
cultural relativism
Definition
an individual's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture
Term
phoneme
Definition
smallest meaningful unit of sound, when one is substituted for another, it changes the meaning of the morpheme
Term
semantics
Definition
the study of meaning of language
Term
ethnology
Definition
study of human cultures from a comparative perspective (interchangeably called cultural anthropology)
Term
teknonymy
Definition
the practice of referring to parents by the name of their children - "Johnny's mother went to Starbucks"
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