Details Title: Anthro 110 Final Description: Professor Bartlett's Final Exam Total Flash Cards: 56 Created: 04/16/2009 10:37:06		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Archaeology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term 4 Subsitence Systems Definition 1. pastoralism 2. hunter-gatherers 3. horticulture 4. Intensive agriculture Term Pastoralism Definition domestic animals don't move around necessarily present in modern societies Term Horticulture Definition Small scale farming still used hunting and gathering for main existence Term Hunter-gatherers Definition living off landscape instead of through domestication and agriculture Term Intensive Agriculture Definition Large Scale Society focused on domestication of plants and animals Crops sold for profit Term Faunal Analysis Definition Animal/fossil remains example: butcher marks on bones Term Botanical Analysis Definition remains of plants Term Paleofeces Definition gut contents, coprolites, etc Term Siege of Jerusalem Definition Paleofeces analysis eating anything they could find starvation Term Forensics Definition studying bones and the like of humans searching for abnormalities that suggest a certain lifestyle (wear on joints, etc)   Nutrition, diseases, cause of death, etc Term Residue Analysis Definition Chemical tests to find out what was in jars, pots, etc   Tomb at Abydos - wine production Beaker Culture King Midas - huge feast, alcohol,lamb Term Secondary Revolution Definition Remains that come from animals: Eggs Milk Cheese Term Agriculture Definition The science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating lands, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock Term Domestication Definition to convert (animals, plants, etc) to domestic uses especially by generations of breeding   usually creates a dependency so that plant/animal loses ability to live in the wild Term Demographic Definition population increased which in turn made hunting and gathering impossible for an entire society Term Feasting Definition people would one up each other Term Evolution and Intentionality Definition humans and animals have worked with each other over time Term Solitary Genius Definition smart guy thought of agricultre Term Oasis Theory Definition end of ice age - populations gather at oasis Term Hilly Flanks Hypothesis Definition mesopotamian valleys and a variety of plants and animals in hills Term Mesoamerican Triumverate Definition Squash Beans Corn All amino acids necessary Term War Definition social acitivity sanctioned by society and directed against another group Term Long Duree Definition Over a period of time and space   the need for food influences society over time Term Exocannibalism Definition outisde own social group Term Endocannibalism Definition inside own social group Term Ceremonial cannibalism Definition temples, religious Term Vengeance Cannibalism Definition modern times genocide, terrorism Term Cowboy Wash Definition indirect evidence of cannibalism scientific rigor Term Action Archaeology Definition looking at what was done in the past and applying it today Term Nazis and Archaeology Definition Used it as a way to justify what they were doing   wanted to make the German race superior Term 4 Categories of Social Complexity Definition Bands Tribes Chiefdoms States Term Bands Definition small scale (<100 people)   hunter-gatherers   egalitarian Term Tribes Definition few thousand people   settled farmers or pastoralists   egalitarian Term Chiefdom Definition Large Scale (5000-20,000)   Settled Farmers   Ranked Societies Term States Definition Large Scale - tens of thousands   Settled farmers with division of labor and craft specialization   stratified societies Term 9 Attributes of Increased Social Complexity Definition - high concentrated population - diverse food quest - food storage and preservation - permanent settlements - specialized subsistence technologies - hunting, fishing, etc - specialized division of labor - craft specialization - social ranking - exchange of goods - increased ceremonial life Term City Definition functions as a central place specialized manufacturing   Term State Definition centralized political institution ruling elites w/ control over large populations gather revunue from subjects   evidences: large scale architecture social stratification Term City-state Definition centralized food distribution organized government Term Empires Definition political organization conglomerate of different states - conquering and putting together multilingual Term Civlizations Definition cultural - span over state boundaries same script/language similar rituals and religion Term Royal Graves of Ur III Definition evidence of social stratification: - lots of gold - sacrificed people Term 4 Aspects of Architecture Definition Location Size Material Decoration Term Cahokia Civilization Definition settlement heirarchies Term Olmec Civilization Definition settlement organization   central authority Term Teotihuacan Civilization Definition remains from various other areas (S. Mexico)   Burros where different civilizations are evident   Complex, wide trade networks Term Minoans at Pi-Ramses Definition spread of art Term Landscape Archaeology Definition long duree   Thespiai - survey; documenting location and density; city in Greece   Rural picture included Term World Systems Definition different states from different areas that are working together Term Mediterranean World System Definition 4 major powers: Minoans Hittites Egyptians Miceneans Shipwreck - trading ship with bronze, gold, ebony (Africa), and amber (Baltics) - shows complexity and trade Term Cognitive Archaeology Definition Attempt to reconstruct prehistoric mindways thorugh material culture and art   Planned, and laid out monuments valued materials religious materials Art Term Religion Definition Set of beliefes in supernatural beings and forces directed at helping people make sense of the world Term 4 Types of Religion Definition 1. Individualistic Cults 2. Shamanistic Cults 3. Communal Cults 4. Ecclesiastical Cults Term Mayan Epigraphy Definition Emblem Glyphs Cosmology   Term Elite Focus Definition when all the images show royalty and no poverty, the painters must have been elite Term Ice Age Art Definition Mobile Cave   Context dating Radiocarbon Dating