Details Title: Anthro 104 Midterm Description: Notes Total Flash Cards: 36 Created: 10/22/2008 17:06:03		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anthropology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term cultural relativism Definition viewing other cultures, understanding where they come from Term culture Definition information transmitted from one generation to the next Term Unilineal evolution Definition everyone evolved from one path and culture shaped us from there Term Cultural relativism Definition viewing other cultures, understanding where they come from Term Moral relativism Definition comparing other cultures and saying things are right or wrong Term Culture shock Definition disorientation for being in new culture zone Term Ethnocentrism Definition judging other cultures based on your own beliefs Term Ethnography Definition descriptions from fieldwork Term Ethnology Definition fieldwork notes Term Ethnography Definition book, notes analyzed and put together Term EMIC Definition understanding from the inside (looking at your own culture) Term ETIC Definition understanding from the outside (looking at a different culture) Term Idiographic Definition intended to provide detailed knowledge (in this case, about a particular group of people) Term Nomothetic Definition intended to derive general propositions or statements (in this case about social behavior) Term major figures of unilineal evolutionism Definition § Lewis Henry Morgan§ Edward Tylor§ Karl Marx Term diffusionism Definition  cultural features are borrowed from “culture centers” as groups interact Term Franz Boas Definition came up with theory of historical particularaism (each culture developed differently due to different environment),   debunked contemporary ideas of race using cranial anthropometry Term Margaret Mead Definition sex differences in personality vary by culture, so culture and not biology must determine these differences Term cultural ecology Definition § explanation for some aspects of cultural variation can be found in the relationship between a given cultural group and the environment in which they live Term Clifford Geertz, Victor Turner Definition interpretive anthropology: goal of anthropology is to understand what it means to be a person living in a particular culture, rather than to explain why cultures vary – anthropology is about understanding meaning Term what do anthropologists actually do?  iterative or recursive process Definition ask a question à study/prepare/write à fieldwork à analyze/write à refine question and start the cycle again Term Bronislaw Malinowski Definition came up with early concept of participant observation Term problems in the field Definition § poor observation§ failing to get out and actually do the work§ failing to see things that don’t fit one’s theories§ relying too heavily on a few key informants§ observing a fraction (men only; women only; powerful only; powerless only) of people at the field site without recognizing that one is doing so Term Types of evidence Definition § hypothetical (“the trolley problem”) § experimental§ observational / experiential Term symbol Definition anything to which some group of people has assigned an arbitrary meaning Term morpheme Definition smallest unit of sound recognized by and significant for speakers of a specific language Term § Claude Lévi-Strauss Definition came up with structuralism Term tales Definition told or performed as fictional; reinforce cultural values (example: Tiv story of husband, wife, and vulva) Term legends Definition § told as truth; often involve historical figures; reinforce appropriate and inappropriate behaviors (example: the Mexican pet rat legend) Term myths Definition § stories of cosmology; relation between gods / humans / nature; origins of the world (example: Dayak origin story) § in some ways untrue -- in most cultures, not thought to describe events literally also key to the ultimate truths or moral foundations of society Term Definition Term rite of passage Definition § marks movement from one stage of life to the next (examples: baptism, bar/bat mitzvah, wedding, childbirth rituals in 19th-c. Japan); occurs in 3 stages ·         separation: person is symbolically separated from previous life experience, and often physically separated as well ·         transition – in “liminal space” or no-mans-land: person is not what they once were, but also not yet what they will become – this is a symbolically dangerous phase in which people often face hazing, humiliation, deprivation        ·         reintegration: person symbolically and physically rejoins community and is allowed to assume function of new social role Term gender Definition norms, values, roles and prohibitions associated with persons of each sex in a given culture or society Term Margaret Mead Definition ·         Coming of Age in Samoa: adolescence can be tranquil in a setting of premarital sexual freedom·         Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies: variations in gender roles are determined by culture (see also our previous discussions) Term stigma Definition an attribute that is deeply discrediting within a particular social interaction Term Definition