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the owners of the means of production in Marx's understanding of capitalist structures-- came to stand between the workers and means of production
>owners of factories, mines, large farms, etc. |
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| made up of people who had to sell their labor to survive |
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| the separation of workers from the means of production |
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recognition of collective interests and personal identification with one's economic group
>Marx felt that workers would develop CC, which would lead to revolutionary change. |
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| a single world system committed to production for sale or exchange, with the object of maximizing profits, rather than providing domestic needs |
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| wealth or resources invested in business, with intent of using the means of production to make a profit |
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| claims that there is an identifiable social system based on wealth and power differentials, extends beyond individual countries |
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the dominant position in the world system, the strongest and most powerful nations
>sophisticated technologies and mechanized production allows the core to churn out products that flow mainly to other core countries= accumulation of capital wealth |
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an intermediate between the core and the periphery
>export industrial goods/commodities, but lack economic power
>ex) Brazil |
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The world least privileged and powerful nation, usually less mechanized, usually still marginally industrial
>produces raw materials, agriculture, and human labor |
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| political, social, economic and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time |
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| a policy of extending the rule of a country or empire over nations and of taking and holding foreign colonies. |
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The idea that people in the empire (British) were unable to govern themselves, so that British guidance was needed to civilize and Christianize them
>used by Prime Minister Disraeli to legitimize acquisition and control of parts of Africa and Asia |
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| French equivalent of Britain's "White Man's Burden"; goal was to implement French cultural values, language and Roman Catholicism in colonies |
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| Not driven by commercial interests (like other European counties)--> spurred by state, church and armed forces |
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| governing through native leaders and established political structures-- used in areas with histories of state organization |
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| imposition of new government structure based on state system |
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the study of interaction between European nations and societies they colonized
>also used to describe second half of 20th century or a position against imperialism and Eurocentrism |
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an ideological justification for outsiders to guide native people in specific directions
>includes economic development plans |
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| recurrence of the classic idea of "liberalism" that laissez-faire economics is the preferable economic system, as suggested by Adam Smith |
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| describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good |
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| a political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrown capitalism and establish a form of communism such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union |
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| the historical transformation of "traditional" to "modern" societies through industrialization of the economy |
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the original inhabitants of territories claimed by colonization efforts
>many survive and maintain their ethnic identity despite having lost their ancestral cultures to varying degrees |
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| a natural phenomenon that keeps the Earth's surface warm |
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| the term for the changes that are taking place in the atmosphere that affects all functions of the planet |
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| the spread of advance of one culture at the expense of others, or its imposition on other cultures, which it modifies, replaces, or destroys-- usually because of differential economic or political influences |
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| the offspring of an area who have spread to many lands-- anthropologists often follow people from rural to urban areas as they attempt upward mobility |
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| a field that focues on how cultural beliefs and practices help human populations adapt to their environments, and how people used elements of their culture to maintain their ecosystems |
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| any society's set of environmental practices and perceptions-- that is, its cultural model of the environment and its relation to people and society |
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| the process of viewing an identity as established, real and frozen, so as to hide the historical processes and politics within which that identity developed. |
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| a process that occurs when a force from world centers enter a culture an is modified to fit the local culture |
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| the influence of Western expansion on indigenous peoples and their cultures |
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| our time and situation--> "today's world is in flux," |
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| the blurring and breakdown of established canons(rituals, standards), categories, distinctions and boundaries |
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a style and movement in architecture that succeeded modernism, beginning in the 1970s
>rejected the rules, geometric order, and austerity of modernism |
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