Details Title: Anth 100 Description: midterm Total Flash Cards: 50 Created: 03/11/2009 17:31:08		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anthropology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Society Definition organized life in groups feature shared with other animals Term Culture Definition traditions and customs, transmitted through learning guide the beliefsand behaviors f people exposed to them Term Adaptation Definition process by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses involves interaction between culture and biology 4 types: 1. genteic (many generations) 2. Long term physiological or developmental (one lifetime) 3. Short term- immediate physiological  4. cultural, technological Term Definition Term Biological Race Definition a geographically isolated subdivision of species does not exist humans have not been geographically isolated variation between population is gradual Term Ethnography Definition the writing of culture based on first hand research Term Participant Observation Definition ethnographers take part in the activities being observed try not to change events stay for a long period of time Term The Geneaological method Definition the study of how people are related organizing principles 1. kinship- who you're related to 2. descent- who your ancestors are 3. marriage- not definable cross-culturally Term Key Cultural Consultants Definition well infomed people who provide very useful and complete information Term Life Histories Definition intimate and personal recolections shows diversity among cultures people experience the world differently knowledge is socially constructed Term Emic Definition the native viewpoint Term Etic Definition emphasizes the categories, interpretations, and features that the anthropologist considers important. eg: thanksgiving emic: national holiday, family reunion etic: postharvest festival Term Bronislaw Malinowski Definition pioneered long-term feild work salvage ethnography- recorded ways of life threatened by westernization emic- indigenous view point Term Interpretive Anthropologists Definition ethnographers should describe and interpret that which is meaningful to the natives Term Text Metaphor Definition cultures are texts tat we interepret culture is expressed in public smbols that can be interpreted differently meaning is contextual Term Experimental Anthropology Definition question ethnographic realism (the possibliity of an objective scientific account) ethnographers always incorporate their POV into the account wether they know it or not this bias is acknowledged Term Ethnographic Present Definition a romanticized timelessness before westernization cultures are constantly changing Term Survey Research Definition large scale societies more impersonal allows inferences about the larger population Term Enculturation Definition the process through which a child learns of his culture through his culture 1. direct instruction 2. observation Term Phsychic Unity Definition all human populations/ groups share the same capacity for culture Term Culture is learned Definition -unique to humans - often transmitted through symbols ability to use symbols is the basis of culture- words and language Term Culture is Shared Definition -transmitted in groups - unifies people by provding us with common experience -mediates or interaction with nature- cooking, serving -all encompassing- includes all aspects of human behavior  -integrated- change in one aspect causes change in another Term Core values Definition ideas, attitudes, and beliefs which are so basic that they provide an organizational logic for the rest of the culture Term ideal culture Definition idealized descriptions of a culture given by its natives Term Real Culture Definition actual behavior Term Adaptive Strategy Definition responses to environmental challenges in nature Term Maladaptive Definition not evident to the members of a culture -cars Term Ethnocentrism Definition judging other cultures based on your own standards of culture -contributes to social solidarity -cultural universal Term Cultural Relativism Definition The values of one culture should not be used to evaluate another culture Term Cultural universals Definition features that are found in every culture -incest taboo Term Cultural Generalities Definition common to several but not all human groups -nuclear family sources: 1. diffusion- hamburger 2. independent invention- pottery across the world Term Cultural Particulates Definition features that are unique to certain cultural traditions -halloween Term Cultural rights Definition include a groups ability t preserve its cultural traditions - herders should not be forced to farm -right to religious beliefs and practices   Term Acculturation Definition the exchange of features that results when groups come into continuous first hand contact - pidgen, hybrid language Term Language Definition is learned part of enculturation Term Call Systems Definition consist of a limited number of sounds that are produced in responce to specific stimuli not creative -primates Term Kinesics Definition -the study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressions Term Phonolgy Definition study of the sounds used in speech Term Morphology Definition studies how the sounds combine to form words Term lexicon Definition contains all of the smallest units of speech that have meaning Term Syntax Definition refers to the rules that order words -grammar Term Noam Chomsky Definition argued for a universal grammar any language is translatable to any other language - evidence to this claim Term Sapir-Worf Hypothesis Definition different languages = different ways of thinking language, thought, and culture are interrelated Term Semantics Definition the study of meaning Term Gender speech Contrasts Definition -speech differences in men and women - women tend to speak in a more standard dialect and use fewer "power" words Term Stratification and Symbolic Domination Definition where social stratification exisits, the dialect of the dominant class is considered standard and is valued more than the dialects of the lower strata symbolic capital- status linked dialects affect the economic and social prospects of the people who speak them Term Linguistic Relativity Definition no language is superior Term Historical Linguistics Definition studies the relationships of languages - protolanguages and daughter languages latin and french Term Double SPeak   Definition euphamism jargon bueacratese- piling on words unnecessarily using the passive voice Term Definition