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ANT 3100: Chapter 3 (ANT)
Chapter 3
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/12/2012

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Term
3 major parts of a cell
Definition
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
Term
plasma membrane (description)
Definition
forms outer cell boundary; separates internal environment of cell from external environment
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
contains cytosol, cytoskeleton, inclusions, and organelles
Term
nucleus
Definition
control center of cell; contains DNA
Term
plasma membrane (composition)
Definition
lipids (fats), proteins, and carbohydrates (sugars)
Term
lipids of the PM
Definition
contains phospholipids (majority) and cholesterol (provides stability)
Term
proteins of the PM (function)
Definition
markers, attachment sites, channels, receptors, enzymes, or carriers
Term
marker molecules
Definition
glycoproteins and glycolipids; involved with cell to cell recognition (due to the carbohydrate)
Term
attachment proteins
Definition
attach cells to other cells, extracellular molecules, or intracellular molecules
Term
channel proteins
Definition
involved with transportation of substances in and out of a cell
Term
receptor proteins
Definition
contain binding sites that can attach to specific substances
Term
enzymes
Definition
catalyze chemical reactions on either the inner or outer surface of the plasma membrane
Term
carrier proteins
Definition
move substances (ions or molecules) from one side of the plasma membrane to the other
Term
carbohydrates of the PM are found
Definition
on the outer surface of the plasma membrane (glycocalyx)
Term
cytosol
Definition
fluid portion of the cytoplasm (yellow)
Term
cytoskeleton (function)
Definition
provides support and structure and involved with the movement of cellular structures
Term
inclusions (what are they?)
Definition
miscellaneous substances like lipid droplets, hemoglobin
Term
organelles
Definition
machinery of the cell; each carries out a specific function
Term
ribosomes
Definition
site of protein synthesis; contains free ribosomes (ones that are not attached to RER) and fix ribosomes
Term
RER
Definition
has fixed ribosomes on the external surface (therefore, produces proteins)
Term
SER
Definition
functions in lipid synthesis, storage of Ca ions in muscle cells, and detoxification
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
modifies and packages proteins produced by the RER and lipids produced by SER
Term
lysosomes
Definition
contains acidic (hydrolytic enzymes), abundant in phagocytes
Term
autolysis (lysosomes)
Definition
rupture that results in self digestion of the cell
Term
mitochondria
Definition
powerhouse of the cell; produces ATP
Term
cilia
Definition
extensions of the plasma membrane that moves materials over the surface of cells
Term
microvilli
Definition
fingerlike projections of plama membrane; functions to increase surface area
Term
desmosomes
Definition
bind cells to one another
Term
hemidesmosomes
Definition
attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane
Term
tight junctions
Definition
prevent substances from pass between two cells
Term
gap junctions
Definition
cell to cell communication
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