Term
| What are the 4 types of bones? |
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Definition
Long Bones - supporting columns - humerus
Short bones - shock absorbers - knee bones
Flat bones - protective - ribs
Irregular bones - specialist - vertebrae |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of tissue? |
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Definition
| Nervous, connective, epithelial, muscle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 histological classifications of bones? Describe each |
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Definition
Spongy - branching, irregular - bone marrow & RBC synthesis
Compact - solid except for microscopic spaces |
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Term
| What is the articular cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the epiphyseal line? When is it most susceptible to damage? |
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Definition
where bone elongation & growth occurs
susceptible to damage when animal is developing |
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Term
| What is the medulary cavity? |
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Definition
| Where RBC synthesis takes place |
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Term
| What is the periosteum? If it is damage what will happen? |
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Definition
-looks like the corner of a sheet
-important for bone growth & repair
-damage causes splints, spavins etc. |
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Term
| In what skeletal region does most bone growth occur after birth? |
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Definition
epiphyseal plates
increase in length AND diameter |
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Term
| What is the age that epiphyseal closure of the cannon bone occurs? Phalynx? Everything else? |
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Definition
18 months
12 months
42 months |
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Term
| What are the 3 functional classifications of joints, and an example of each? |
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Definition
Synarthroses - dont move - cranial
Amphiarthroses - move slightly - vertebral
Diarthroses - move freely - limbs |
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Term
| What are the 5 characteristics of synovial joints? |
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Definition
-articular cartilage
-joint cavity
-articular joint capsule
-synovial membrane
-synovial fluid |
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Term
T or F
The joint cavity is unique to synovial joints |
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Definition
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Term
| What does articular cartilage do |
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Definition
| keeps bone ends from being crushed |
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Term
| What does the articular joint capsule do? |
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Definition
| encloses the cavity, tough flexible material |
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Term
| What does the synovial membrane do? |
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Definition
| lines the articular capsule |
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Term
| What does synovial fluid do? |
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Definition
| occupies all capsule space to reduce friction |
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Term
True or False
When the epiphyseal plates close, growth stops |
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Definition
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Term
| Do joint injury treatments treat the symptoms or the cause? Why? |
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Definition
| symptoms. accessing and identifying the exact actual cause is difficult to do without damaging other structures |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? Which are voluntary, which are involuntary? |
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Definition
Skeletal - voluntary
Cardiac - involuntary
Smooth - involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
| multi-nucleated single cell |
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Term
| What is the contractile unit of muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does muscle contraction work on a molecular level? |
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Definition
Myosin filament climbs along the actin filament.
ATP is hydrolyzed to produce ADP + Pi with releases the contraction |
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Term
| What causes rigor mortis? |
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Definition
| There is no hydrolysis of ATP after the power stroke |
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Term
| What are the two ways of generating ATP? |
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Definition
glycolysis + cellular respiration (36 ATP)
glycolysis + fermentation (2ATP |
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Term
| What does muscle performance depend on? |
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Definition
| ATP, and consequently O2 availability |
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Term
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Definition
| binds O2 in muscle cells to store oxygen |
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Term
| What system allows sustained ATP production? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of muscle twitches? |
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Definition
Fast twitch - uses lots of ATP quickly
Slow twitch - uses ATP more slowly, tension is generated more slowly but can be sustained for longer |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of muscle fibres? |
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Definition
| Type 1, Type IIa, Type IIb |
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Term
| What is the speed, oxidative capacity, energy source and fatiguability of Type 1?? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the speed, oxidative capacity, energy source and fatiguability of Type IIa? |
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Definition
fast
high
intermediate
intermediate |
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Term
| What is the speed, oxidative capacity, energy source and fatiguability of Type IIb? |
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Definition
fast
low
glycogen (glucose)
high |
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Term
| What would have more Type IIb muscle fibres, a Thoroughbred or a Percheron? |
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Definition
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