Term
| 3 main divisions of the ankle |
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Definition
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Term
| what makes up the hindfoot |
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Definition
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Term
| what makes up the midfoot |
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Definition
| navicular, cuboid, and the 3 cuneiform |
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Term
| what makes up the forefoot |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
sagittal plane
coronal/frontal axis |
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Term
| plane/axis: inversion/eversion |
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Definition
frontal plane
longtudinal (A>P) axis |
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Term
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Definition
| transverse plane about vertical axis |
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Term
| On what axis does pronation/supination occur |
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Definition
| around an axis that lies at an angle to each of the axis for cardinal motions (PF/DF, Inv/Ev, Add/abd |
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Term
| pronation/supination is described as a ____ motion as all 3 of the cardinal motions occur |
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Definition
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Term
| in non WB what motions make up pronation |
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Definition
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Term
| in non WB what makes make up supination |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ankle jt: prximal surfaces |
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Definition
| concave distal tibia and tibial and fibular malleoli |
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Term
| ankle jt: the proximal surface of the ankle is considered to be how many facets |
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Definition
| 3 facets (injury would be a trimalleolar fx) |
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Term
| ankle jt: the proximal surface is considered this type of jt |
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Definition
| mortise jt (proximal and distal tibiofibular jts allow for the adjustability) |
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Term
| Tibiofibular jt and the ankle jt |
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Definition
distinct from the ankle but functionally linked
no DoF |
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Term
| Proximal Tibiofibural jt: type of jt |
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Definition
| plane synovial jt (fibula and tibia) |
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Term
| Proximal Tibiofibural jt: facet configuraiton |
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Definition
variable
convex tibia
concave fibula |
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Term
| Proximal Tibiofibural jt: motion |
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Definition
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Term
| Distal TF jt: what type of jt |
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Definition
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Term
| Distal TF jt:shape of tibia and fibula |
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Definition
concave tibia
convex fibula |
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Term
| Distal TF jt: contact between tib and fib |
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Definition
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Term
| Distal TF jt: what contributes to the stability |
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Definition
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Term
| Distal TF jt: characteristics for injury |
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Definition
very strong but can be injured
high ankle sprain = syndesmosis sprain |
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Term
| Distal TF jt: stability of the ankle is dependent on what |
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Definition
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Term
| Distal TF jt: mobility of the mortise stems from what |
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Definition
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Term
| Distal ankle: body of the talus has how many articular surfaces |
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Definition
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Term
| Distal ankle: body of the talus has what 3 facets and their characteristics |
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Definition
lateral facet (large, fibular)
medial facet (small, tibial)
trochlear facet (convex, wedge shaped, wider anterior, superior) |
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Term
| Capsule and ligaments: thin and weak where |
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Definition
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Term
| Capsule and ligaments: stability is dependent on what (4) |
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Definition
crural tibiofibular interosseous ligament
anterior tibiofibular ligament
posterior tibiofibular ligament
tibiofibular interosseous membrane |
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Term
| Capsule and ligaments: mortise and talus contact, congruence, and medial/lateral stability is maintained by what |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| deltoid ligament (fan shaped) |
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Term
| MCL/Deltoid ligament: connections (#) |
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Definition
tibial malleolus to navicular
tibial malleolus to talus
tibial malleolus to calcaneus |
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Term
| MCL/Deltoid ligament: characteristics |
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Definition
extremely strong
low incidence of injury |
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Term
| MCL/Deltoid ligament: MOI |
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Definition
| eversion and/or pronation (foot rotates out, tibia rotates in) |
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Term
| MCL/Deltoid ligament: what is more probable than this ligament tearing |
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Definition
| more probably that a fx occurs before the ligament tears |
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Term
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Definition
anterior talofbiular
posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular |
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Term
| LCL: controls what motions |
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Definition
inversion/supination
inward foot rotation, outward tibial rotation |
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Term
| LCL vs MCL: which is stronger |
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Definition
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Term
| additional structures which adds stability to the jt and can be involved in sprains |
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Definition
superior extensor retinaculum
inferior extensor retinaculum
superior fibular retinaculum
inferior fibular retinaculum |
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Term
| anterior talofbiular ligament is stressed with what motions |
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Definition
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Term
| which is teh weakset and most injured ligament |
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Definition
| anteiror talofibular ligament |
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Term
| ATF rupture leads to what |
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Definition
| anterolateral rotary instability |
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Term
| Calcaneofibular ligament is stressed with what motions |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior talofibular is stressed with what |
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Definition
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Term
| rarely torn ligament except in dislocaiton |
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Definition
| posterior talofibular ligament |
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Term
| pros and cons of anterior drawer adn talar tilt tests |
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Definition
| common but have poor correlation to actual degree of injury |
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Term
| Axis of motion in a neutral ankle passes through what structures |
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Definition
fibular malleoli
body of talus
or just below the tibial malleoli |
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Term
| which malleolus sits more distal and posterior |
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Definition
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Term
| why does the fibulr malleoli sit more distal and posterior than the tibial? |
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Definition
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Term
| axis of motion: as torsion increases in the distal ankle what happens to the axis |
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Definition
| shifts more laterally in the transverse plane |
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Term
| ankle is considered to have how many DOF |
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Definition
| 1 (DF/PF) between the mortise and the talus |
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Term
| motion of talus with dorsiflexion |
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Definition
talus head moves upward
body of talus moves posterior in mortise |
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Term
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Definition
head of talus downward
body of talus anterior in mortise |
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Term
| ankle is considered to have 1 DOF, but is however triplnar d/t what |
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Definition
| angulations of each sectino of the ankle |
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Term
| the ankle has 1 DOF, and is triplanar d/t the fibular malleolus affecting the axis how? |
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Definition
| fibular malleolus is lower so the axis is inclined downward |
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Term
| motions that occur with DF as a result of 1 DoF and being triplanar |
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Definition
| foot moves up, moves lateral to leg, turn foot away from midline |
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Term
| what bony helsp provide stability in PF/DF |
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Definition
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Term
| in wt bearing DF the mortise ____ _____ on the wedge talus |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the wedge shaped talus do to the mortise in DF |
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Definition
| separates it, increasing stability |
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Term
| In PF what is ankle stability dependent on? |
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Definition
| ligaments as the wedge is not engaged |
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Term
| DF and PF have what limitations |
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Definition
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Term
| What complex limits DF? Why? |
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Definition
Gastroc-soleus
2 jt characteristics
Knee extended = gastroc
Knee bent = soleus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What mm protect the medial ankle |
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Definition
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Term
| what mm protect the lateral ankle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| composite jt of 3 separate plane articulations |
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Term
| subtalar jt: superior bone |
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Definition
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Term
| subtalar jt: inferior bone |
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Definition
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Term
| subtalar jt: plane and axis |
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Definition
| 3 planes of motion about 1 axis of motion |
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Term
| subtalar jt: key to dampening what motions when in contact with the ground |
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Definition
| proximal rotational forces |
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Term
| subtalar jt: posterior articulation characteristics (3) |
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Definition
largest
concave talus facet
convex calcaneal facet |
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Term
| subtalar jt: anterior articulation characteristics (2) |
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Definition
convex talus facet
concave calcaneal facet |
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Term
| subtalar jt: medial articulation characteristics (2) |
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Definition
convex talus facet
concave calcaneal facet |
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Term
| subtalar jt: difference between posterior facet and the anterior/medial facet |
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Definition
| ant and med are the reverse of the posterior facet |
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Term
| subtalar jt: has this additional structure |
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Definition
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Term
| subtalar jt: what makes up the tarsal canal? |
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Definition
| inferior talus and superior calcaneus |
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Term
| subtalar jt: where is the large end of the tarsal canal |
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Definition
| sinus tarsi lies anteriors to the fibular malleolus |
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Term
| subtalar jt: where does the small end of the tarsal canal lie |
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Definition
| below the tibial malleolus (sustenatcum tali) |
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Term
| The ligaments and the canal create how many separate cavities |
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Definition
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Term
| relation of the capsule and the posterior articulation of the subtalar jt |
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Definition
| posterior articulation has its own capsule |
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Term
| relation of the capsule with the anterior and medial articulation of the subtalar jt |
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Definition
| anterior and medial share capsule of the talonavicular jt |
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Term
| what forms the subtalar jt |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
rarely dislocated
very stable d/t congruent bone anatomy |
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Term
| subtalar jt ligamentous support from superficial to deep |
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Definition
calcaneofibular ligament
lateral talocalcaneal ligament
cervical and interosseous talocalcaneal ligament |
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Term
| what is the strongest subtalar jt ligament |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the motion of the talus on the calcaneus |
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Definition
| complex twisting or screw like motion |
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Term
| motions of the subtalar jt |
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Definition
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Term
| subtalar jt motion: planes and axis # |
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Definition
| tri planar about a single oblique axis |
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Term
| subtalar jt incline from transverse plane |
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Definition
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Term
| medial incline of the subtalar jt |
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Definition
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Term
| motions of non wt bearing supination |
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Definition
calcaneal inversion
calcaneal adduction
calcaneal PF |
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Term
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Definition
calcaneal inversion
talar adduction
talar DF
tibiofibular lateral rotation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
calcaneal eversion
calcaneal abduction
calcaneal DF |
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Term
|
Definition
calcaneal eversion
talar adduction
talar PF
tibiofibular medial rotation |
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Term
| NWB subtalar motion: subtalar motion is described how |
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Definition
| the distal segment (calcaneus) |
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Term
| NWB subtalar motion: supination is what coupled motions |
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Definition
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Term
| NWB subtalar motion: pronation is what coupled motions |
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Definition
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Term
| NWB subtalar motion: most obvious clinical motion is what (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| WB subtalar motion: what bone contributes to inv/eve |
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Definition
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Term
| WB subtalar motion: other motions (ABD/ADD and PF/DF) of the foot come from what bone |
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Definition
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|
Term
| pes cavus is associated with what motion |
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Definition
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|
Term
| pes planus is associated with what motion |
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Definition
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|
Term
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to the talus with DF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what happens to the talus with PF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| isolated DF/PF does not affect what |
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Definition
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|
Term
| isolated DF/PF does not affect the leg but... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| wt bearing supination "order of operations" |
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Definition
| talus abducts and we need lateral rotation that carries the mortise into ER and hence tibial ER |
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Term
| wt bearing pronation "order of operations" |
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Definition
| talus adducts and we need medial rotation and that carries the mortise into IR and hence tibial IR |
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Term
| purpose of assessing for subtalar neutral |
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Definition
| abnormal subtalar jt positiong can affect the foot and leg |
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Term
| subtalar neutral as defined with inversion/eversion |
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Definition
| spot where the calcaneus will invert twice the degrees it will invert |
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Term
| subtalar neutral as defined by pronation/supination |
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Definition
| 2/3 of the way from full supination |
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|
Term
| subtalar neutral as an assesmsent tool |
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Definition
| poor as there is no ideal |
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Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: aka (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: 2 components of this jt |
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Definition
talonavicular jt
calcaneocuboid jt |
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|
Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: Podraza's description |
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Definition
| S shaped line that transects the foot horizontally |
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Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: divides what from what |
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Definition
| mid and forefoot from the hindfoot |
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Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: immobile vs mobile components |
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Definition
navicular and cuboid are considered immobile
motion is talus and calcaneus on the fixed naviculocuboid |
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Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: Talonavicular portion: which is convex |
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Definition
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Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: Talonavicular portion: which is concave |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: Talonavicular portion: what supports the head of the talus and stabilizes the medial longitudinal arch |
|
Definition
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Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: Calcaneocuboid portion: convex/concave rules |
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Definition
| reciprocal concave convex side to side and top bottom |
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Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: Calcaneocuboid portion: which moves on which |
|
Definition
| calcaneus moves on fixed cuboid |
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Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: Calcaneocuboid portion: what provides inferior support and provides lateral longitudinal arch |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: incliniation from horizontal transverse plane |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: medial inclination to saggital plane |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: oblique axis from sagittal |
|
Definition
| oblique axis 57 degrees from sagittal |
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|
Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: oblique axis incline from transverse |
|
Definition
| oblique axis inclined 52 degrees superior from transverse |
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|
Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: function is similar to what other jt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: serves as what type of link |
|
Definition
| transitional link between the hindfoot and forefoot |
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Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: adds ROM to what motions of the subtalar jt |
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Definition
| adds sup/pro ROM of the subtalar jt |
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|
Term
| Transverse tarsal jt: compensates for what |
|
Definition
compensates the forefoot for hindfoot motion
forefoot remains on the ground with hindfoot pro/supination |
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|
Term
| Pronation occuring at the subtalar jt via medial rotation of leg, transverse tarsal will do 1 of what 3 things |
|
Definition
supinate slightly to maintain fixed position of the forefoot
pronate slightly as occurs in normal stance
supinate substantially to maintain forefoot wt bearing |
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|
Term
| supination occuring at the subtalar jt through lateral rotation of the leg, transverse tarsal will do 1 of 3 things |
|
Definition
begin to supinate
further supinate
fully supinate |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| compensatory motino as a result of extreme pronation at subtlar jt |
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|
Term
| coupled motion of extreme pronation of the subtalar jt which results in supination twist |
|
Definition
add and PF of the head of the talus
Eversion of the calcaneus
pronation of the transverse tarsal jt |
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|
Term
| extremem pronation of the subtalar jt has what motion in order to maintain forefoot on the ground |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compensatory motion as a reuslt of extreme supination at subtalar jt |
|
|
Term
| coupled motions as a result of extreme supination at subtalar jt (what are the motions of pronation twist) |
|
Definition
abd and DF of head of talus
inv of calcaneus
forced supinatino of the transverse tarsal jt |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of pronation twist |
|
Definition
| maintain forefoot on the ground the tarsometatarsals must undergo pronation twist due to extreme supination at the subtalar jt |
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