Term
| characteristics of kingdom animalia |
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Definition
no cell walls,
multicellular
tissues
heterotrophic, motile
sexual reproduction- all have similar embryonic development to the gastrula stage.
heterotrophic |
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Term
| heterotrophic selective pressures |
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Definition
| if you are ingestive heterotrophs, the types of systems that need to be specialized are digestive system, senses, nervous system because you must be able to go out and look for food, locomotion because you have to be able to move. animals looking for food might be bigger so need to evade predators. |
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Term
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Definition
1. evolution of tissues
2. evolution of bilateral symmetry
3. evolution of body cavity
4. evolution of deuterostome development
5. evolution of segmentation |
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Term
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Definition
Eumetazoa
two tissue layers- diploblastic. only Cnidarians
three tissue layers- triploblastic
endoderm- makes up the lining of the gut
mesoderm- muscles and sphincters
ectoderm- epidermis, nervous tissue
(everything else)
parazoa- no tissues (sponges only) |
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Term
| evolution of bilateral symmetry |
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Definition
porifera- no tissues, no symmetry
Cnidarians- two tissue layers, radial symmetry
if you have bilateral symmetry, you have a head
bilateral symmetry is everything else except echinodermata
muscles and clams are sesile and have an advantage of not having a head |
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Term
| advantages of radial symmetry |
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Definition
radial are more likely to regenerate
do not have muscles or a head
sense the environment equally from all directions
if you are slow moving or sesile, its an advantage if you cant whip around to be able to sense environment from all parts of your body
no head- if you did it could be bitten off |
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Term
| advantage of bilateral symmetry |
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Definition
| along with bilateral symmetry came a head known as cephalization, this is an advantage for active movement because if you have a head you can sense the environment before moving into it. cephalization is an advantage for active movement, you must protect the head and will have concentration of nerve cells in the head because of a brain |
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Term
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Definition
acoelomate- no body cavity
pseudocoelomate= fluid filled body cavity
coelomate- body cavity, organs are suspended by mesenchyme |
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Term
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Definition
echinoderms and chordata
gastropore becomes the anus
indeterminent development- fate of cells is not determined at early stage of development
schizocoelus- mesoderm develops and then splits and the coelom forms within it, there is muscle around the gut and around the body
evolved only once |
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Term
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Definition
everything else that is triploblastic other than echinoderms and chordata
gastropore becomes the mouth
determinent development- fate of cells is determined at early stage of development
enterocoelus- refers to archenteron so it refers to gut or digestive system, the mesoderm forms pouches or tissues that come of the archenteron.
evolved more than once |
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Term
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Definition
protostomes have spiralian cleavage
annelida
mollusca
platyhelminthes
rotifera |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the difference between protostomes and deuterostomes embryonic development |
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Definition
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Term
| evolution of segmentation |
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Definition
annelida is the first phylum of true segmentation, arthropoda and chordata also have segmentation. vertebra occurs in repeated unit
ADVANTAGES- better locomotion
independent movement of different body parts
annelids evolved in the ocean, they were good burrowers because of there segmentation
segmentation allows for specialization of certain body parts |
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Term
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Definition
| animal with unneccesary repeated units, where you can lose certain segments and still survive, allows for specialization of segments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| evolution of multicellularity |
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Definition
the multinucleate hypothesis is that metazoans arose from a multinuclear protist similar to todays ciliates, each nucleus became compartmentalized into a cell resulting in the multicellular condition
the colonial flagellate hypothesis is that metazoans descended from colonial protists, each colony is a holow sphere composed of flagellated cells, some of the cells of sponges are similar to choanoflagellates
Distinction between colony and multicellular are different because there is not as much coordination of function in a colony.
Had a colony some individuals in colony became specialized for certain tasks such as locomotion, sensory, reproduction, feeding
As the different specialized tasks became more coordinated amongst individuals in the colony, then it is considered a multicellular individual. Multicellularity evolved through colonizes where certain cells became specialized for certain tasks. Most animals have tissues, sponges don’t. |
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