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| A receptor which responds only at the start of a stimulus and then rapidly adapts is called a(n) __________ receptor. |
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Definition
phasic
The response of the cell diminishes very quickly and then stops.[3] It does not provide information on the duration of the stimulus[4]; instead some of them convey information on rapid changes in stimulus intensity and rate |
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| The graded potential that is produced in an epithelial sensory receptor cell is called a(n) __________ potential. |
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| The vomeronasal organ of certain animals senses environmental chemicals released by one animal that affect the behavior of an animal of the same species. Such chemicals are known as __________. |
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| Sensory receptors that detect blood pressure and other internal pressure changes in animals are known as: __________. |
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| The __________ cell is a sensory cell that can be found in lateral line organs and ears of fish |
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| In the vertebrate inner ear, linear acceleration (i.e. tilting of the head) is sensed by the __________. |
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| The part of the inner ear of vertebrates that contains hair cells that detect sound vibrations is the __________. |
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| In order to focus an image on the retina, the vertebrate eye must adjust the lens to keep the focal point on the retina. This process of adjustment is known as __________. |
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| are responsible for the detection of odor molecules. Activated olfactory receptors are the initial player in a signal transduction cascade which ultimately produces a nerve impulse which is transmitted to the brain. Rather than binding specific ligands like most receptors, olfactory receptors display affinity for a range of odor molecules, and conversely a single odorant molecule may bind to a number of olfactory receptors with varying affinities.[5] Once the odorant has bound to the odor receptor, the receptor undergoes structural changes and it binds and activates the olfactory-type G protein on the inside of the olfactory receptor neuron. |
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Definition
| The rods are more numerous, some 120 million, and are more sensitive than the cones. However, they are not sensitive to color. The 6 to 7 million cones provide the eye's color sensitivity and they are much more concentrated in the central yellow spot known as the macula. In the center of that region is the " fovea centralis ", a 0.3 mm diameter rod-free area with very thin, densely packed cones. |
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Definition
| is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. The proprioceptive sense is believed to be composed of information from sensory neurons located in the inner ear (motion and orientation) and in the stretch receptors located in the muscles and the joint-supporting ligaments |
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Definition
| Hair cells are the sensory receptors of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in all vertebrates. In mammals, the auditory hair cells are located within the organ of Corti on a thin basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear. Research of the past decades has shown that outer hair cells do not send neural signals to the brain, but that they mechanically amplify low-level sound that enters the cochlea. The amplification may be powered by movement of their hair bundles, or by an electrically driven motility of their cell bodies. The inner hair cells transform the sound vibrations in the fluids of the cochlea into electrical signals that are then relayed via the auditory nerve to the auditory brainstem and to the auditory cortex. |
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| The five specific tastes received by gustatory receptors are salty, sweet, bitter, sour, and umami, which means “savory” or “meaty” in Japanese. |
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| When scientists talk about sensory perception, they mean |
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Definition
| how a sensory signal is interpreted by the central nervous system. |
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| Each afferent neuron detects incoming signals that come in contact with its _________________, which is defined as the region of the sensory surface that generates a response when stimulated. |
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| When you first step into a hot bath, the water may feel uncomfortably warm, but very soon you will no longer feel that the water is too hot. This phenomenon is an example of |
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| Odor receptor proteins are |
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Definition
| G-protein-coupled receptors |
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| What sensory receptors detect pheromones? |
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Definition
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| Taste receptor proteins act through __________________, unlike odor receptor proteins, which are always coupled to G proteins |
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Definition
| voltage-gated ion channels |
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| The _________________ of the inner ear detects movements or changes in body position with respect to gravity and is thus responsible for the sense of equilibrium. |
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Definition
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| The two major classes of photoreceptor cells found in animals are |
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Definition
| ciliary photoreceptors and rhabdomeric photoreceptors |
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Term
| How does a hair cell in the Organ of Corti respond to sound? |
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Definition
| Sound vibrations bend the cilia of the hair cell, causing the opening of ion channels that depolarize the hair cell and result in the release of a neurotransmitter. |
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Term
| The outer surface of the mammalian eye consists of the ___________, a tough layer of connective tissue that makes up the "white" of the eye in humans, and the ____________, a transparent layer that allows light to enter the eye |
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Definition
| Extremely sensitive thermoreceptors that allow snakes to detect mammalian prey and to select thermally appropriate habitats. |
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| Migratory birds, homing salmon, and many other organisms use _______________ to help them navigate. |
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Definition
| the earth's magnetic field |
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Definition
| an organism responsib;e for producing urine, thereby regulating the levels of nitrogenous waste, extracelluar fluid solute properties, and osmolarity |
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Definition
| outer surface of the vertebrate brain |
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Definition
| the portion of the vertebral peripheral nervous system that controls skeletal muscle |
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Definition
| the largest part of the mammalian forebrain |
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Definition
| a region og the vertebrate forebrain that is involved in controlling body temperature,thirst hunger, and many other physiological proccesses. regulates the function of the pituitary |
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Definition
| a specialized protective barrier made up of glial cells that separates the circulatory system and the central nervous system in vertebrates |
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Definition
| a process by which repeated stimulation of a neuron results in a decreased response |
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Definition
| a neuron that makes synaptic connections between other neurons |
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Definition
| leading away from a structure |
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