Term
| Energy Balance, positive and negative |
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Definition
Positive- biosynthesis, store energy deposits
negative- use stored energy deposits |
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Term
| Hormonal regulation of energy balance |
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Definition
| hormones alert the body when they need food and when they have had enough (e.g. leptin is a hormone that supress appetite). |
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Term
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Definition
| was beneficial to our ancestors because food wasn't as readily availible, so storing fat ensured that they would have energy deposits when food was scarce. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Fuel- for atp production and raw materials needed for biosynthesis
2. Carbon Skeleton- (organic precursors) help an animal grow, maintain itself, and reproduce.
3. Essencial Nutrients- must be obtained in preassembled form, they include essencial amino acids, essencial fatty acids, and vitamins/minerals. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Amino acids- need 20 A.A.s to make proteins, animals can produce about half of these, must obtain the rest from food in prefabricated form. Require large amounts
2. Fatty acids- animals can synthesize most, but must obtain others, they help in creating phospholipids found in cell membranes. Require large amounts
3. Vitamins- require small amounts. 13 essencial for humans, water soluable, excess are excreated in urine. Fat soluable, excess are stored in fat too many can be toxic
4. Minerals- inorganic nutrients usually required in small amounts |
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Term
| Four Stages of Food Processing |
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Definition
1. Ingestion- the act of eating
2. the breaking down of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb.
3. Absorbtion- the animals body takes up small molecules such as amino acids and sugars from the digestive compartment.
4. Elimination- undigested material passes out of the digestive compartment |
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