Term
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Definition
| Females produce few/large gametes. |
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Term
| Gamete Argument (3 Parts) |
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Definition
Females produce few, large, expensive eggs
A female maximizes her reproductive success by finding the best-quality male to fertilize her limited number of eggs
Gamete differences explain the “undiscriminating eagerness” of males and the “discriminating passivity” of females |
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Term
| Conclusions from Bateman's Experiment (3 Parts) |
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Definition
Males usually have higher potential reproductive success than females because egg production limits reproductive rate
Males show greater variation in reproductive success than females
Therefore, traits which influence male reproductive success experience selection |
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Term
| Limiting Resource (Parent) |
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Definition
| The sex that provides most parental investment for offspring becomes limiting resource. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differential investment in offspring drives competition and mate choice. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases the offspring's chance of curviving at the cost of the parent's ability to invest in other offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ratio of reproductively active individuals. |
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Term
| Examples of Sex Role Reversal |
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Definition
Seahorses and pipefish.
Mormon's crickets.
Kawanaphila katydids. |
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Term
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Definition
| An evolutionary process that produces anatomical and behavioral traits that affect an individual's ability to acquire mates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Competition within a sex over access to mates. |
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Term
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Definition
| selection of characters of one sex as a result of choices of the other sex. |
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Term
| Competition before mating |
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Definition
Dominance and agression: Strength and weaponry.
Sexual enthusiasm.
Female mimicry and satellite behavior.
Alternative strategies. |
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Term
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Definition
| If the female has mated with multiple males, their sperm compete to fertilize her eggs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ejaculate more sperm the higher the sperm competition is. |
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Term
| Solutions to Sperm Comnpetition |
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Definition
Ejaculate more sperm
Remove rival sperm.
Inhibit female receptivity.
Guard females.
Repellents
Copulatory plugs |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical barrier to semination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Guard female durin gperiod when fertilization will occur. |
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Term
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Definition
Any behavior that reduces a rival’s fitness by decreasing his mating success
Copulation Interference
Female mimicry
Infanticide |
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Term
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Definition
| Pheromonal cues of new males can ause female mice and rats to abort pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Male deposits his own spermatophore between a female and mating male |
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Term
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Definition
| Courting males waste spermatophores |
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Term
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Definition
| An intruder causes the amplexing male to pause, wasting time and energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Killing a competitor's offspring. |
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