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| A stadium where horse races took place. Greek horse and chariot races consisted of two, four and eight horse races. This was part of the Olympic Games. |
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Athens was at first a monarchy with the office or archon, or ruler for life, being handed down from father to son.
Athens soon became elective where all the people voted and elected their own rulers. 9 archons were chosen at once and kept their office for 1 year.
They received no pay, so only the richest could accept office making Athens now an oligarchy or state ruled by the rich. |
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| An archon named Draco was chosen to draw up a new code of laws in 602 B.C. His laws were severe, and the people soon drove him out of the city to the neighboring island of Aegina. |
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| Cylon tried to make himself king and was killed in battle, his friends fled to the temple of Athena. Megacles, an archon, ordered Cylon's friends murdered after promising them no harm. Troubles arose for Athens. The Athenians thought the gods were punishing them because Megacles broke his promise and exiled him and his family the Alcmaeonidae |
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Solon was chosen as Athenian lawmaker and changed many of Draco's severe laws in 593B.C.
1. Prevented oppression of the poor and farmers.
2. Reformed the court of law, the Areopagus, allowing the accused to speak in his defense.
3. allowed every citizen to vote.
4. paid public officials so that anyone could afford to serve in office.
5. encouraged public discussions in the market place. |
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He set up the first theatre during the days of Solon, and actors today are called Thespians in his honor. |
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This theater was built in Athens; it was open to the sky and held thirty thousand spectators. |
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Greek actors were all men, and they all wore masks that expressed their character and emotions. |
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Four famous Greek playwrights are Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes. |
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Athens had two political parties:
the aristoi, or rich men and nobles,
and the demos, or farmers and poor people. |
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Took possession of the Acropolis by force and took control of the government as a tyrant in 560 B.C.
He greatly improved the city, built an aqueduct, laid out a public park and collected Homer's poems in a public library.
His sons, Hippias and Hipparchus, were allowed to succeed him when he died in 527 B.C. |
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Harmodius and Aristogiton |
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| Disliked the poor treatment they received from Hippias and Hipparchus and plotted to get rid of them but were either killed or imprisoned in the process. |
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Expulsion of the Pisistratidae |
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| The Alcmaeonidae, Megacles' family and the Spartans forced Hippias and his family to leave Athens. |
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Clisthenes' Laws for Athens |
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| Clisthenes, leader of the Alcmaeonidae, began his rule in Athens in 500 B.C. He encouraged Athenians to return to the laws of Solon, slightly modified to give more power to the people. He established a law regarding exile where someone could not be driven out of the city unless there were 6,000 votes in favor of his exile. Votes were written on a shell called an ostrakon. If you were "ostracized", you were driven out of the city for 10 years. |
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