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| When did the Minoan civilization flourish? |
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| When did the Minoan civilization collapse and why? |
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1450 BC:
Some historians credited natural disasters (eg volcanic eruption, tidal waves)
While others believe the collapse was the result of invasion by mainland Greeks known as Mycenaeans |
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| When did the Mycenaean civilization flourish? |
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| tombs where members of the royal families were buried, usually built into hillsides |
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| The Mycenaeans were a _______ people who prided themselves on their heroic deeds in ________. |
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What event in Mycenaean history did the poet Homer write two epic poems about?
What were the titles of his works? |
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Agamemnon led the Mycenaeans and sacked the city of Troy around 1250 BC
The Iliad and the Odyssey |
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| After the collapse of the Mycenaean civilzation, Greece entered a difficult period otherwise known as the _________ _____. |
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| located on the western shores of Asia Minor, which is in modern-day Turkey |
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| The Aeolian Greeks colonized the large island of __________ and the territory near the mainland. |
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| The Dorians established themselves in _______ Greece, especially in the Peloponnesus, as well as on some southern Ageaen islands such as ________. |
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| In the 8th century BC, the Greeks adopted the ___________ alphabet. |
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Which hero of the Trojan War is depicted in Homer's Iliad?
The Odyssey? |
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Iliad: Achilles
Odyssey: Odysseus |
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| qualities of excellence that a hero strives to win in a struggle or contest |
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| How long did the Greece Dark Age last? |
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| Greek city-state that became the central focus of Greek life by 750 BC |
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| located upon a hill, it was a fortified area that served as a place of refuge during an attack and sometimes came to be a religious center on which temples and public buildings were built |
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| open area that served as a place where people could assemble and as a market |
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| heavily armed infantry soldiers, or foot soldiers |
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| rectangular formation that protected hoplites from harm |
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| Most important city set up onn the Hellespont and the Bosporus |
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| Byzantium (Constantinople, now Istanbul) |
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| The rise of tyrants took place in the ____ and ____ centuries BC. They took power by force from the aristocrats. |
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| government by the people or rule by the many |
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| Sparta conquered the __________ and the ____________. |
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captured people who became serfs and were made to work for the Spartans
derived from Greek "capture" |
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| group of five men who were elected each year and were responsible for the education of youth and the conduct of all citizens in Sparta |
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| The reforms of Cleisthenes created the foundations for ________ _________. |
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Who ruled Athens in...
1.) 594 BC
2.) 560 BC
3.) 510 BC |
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Definition
1.) Solon
2.) Pisistratus
3.) Cleisthenes |
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| In 490 BC, Persians landed on the plain of ___________, where they were defeated by an outnumbered Athenian army. |
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| After Darius died in 486 BC, ________ became the new Persian monarch. |
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| Xerxes led a force of 180,000 into Greece, but was held in ___________ for two days by a Greek force of about seven thousand, including ______ Spartans. |
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| In 479 BC, the Greek army defeated the Persian army at _________. |
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| What was the Delian League and where was it originally located and where was it moved to in 454 BC? |
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| Alliance formed by Athenians against the Persians; main headquarters located on Delos until it was moved to Athens |
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| Between 461 and 429 BC was when the ___ ___ _________ took place. This period saw the height of Athenian power and brilliance. |
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| people participate directly in government decision making through mass meetings |
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| members of the assembly could write on a broken pottery fragment (ostrakon) the name of a person they considered harmful to the city; protected against overly abitious politicians |
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| The Great Peloponnesian War outbreak in 431 BC was caused by... |
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| Sparta and its allies' fear of the growing Athenian Empire and a series of disputes between the two empires |
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| Despite a deadly plague in the second year of the war that killed more than 1/3 of the people of Athens and their ruler _________, the Athenians fought on for another _____ years. |
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| Before the plague of 430 BC, the population of Athens was about __________. About ________ of them were adult males with political power. 35,000 were foreignors, and the last 100,000 were slaves. |
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| There were ___ gods on Mount Olympus, and the chief god was ______. |
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| ceremonies or rites in honor of the gods |
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| First athletic games were held at the _________ festival in 776 BC. |
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| sacred shrine where a god or goddess revealed the future through a priest or priestess |
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| first Greek dramas, presented in a trilogy built around a common theme |
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| Sophocles wrote ___________ _____, a play of how the title character kills his own father to marry his mother |
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| Greek comedy was used to criticize _________ and ____________. |
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| Politicians and intellectuals |
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| organized system of thought; "love of wisdom" |
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| traveling teachers in ancient Greece that stressed the importance of rhetoric |
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| teaching uses a question and answer format to lead pupils to see things for themselves by using their own reason |
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| Who was the greatest historian of the ancient world? |
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The Parthenon was built between...
It was dedicated to the goddess ______ |
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