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| General that used an army to gain political position and opened up army to all classes. |
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| A Plebeian who helped transfer wealth from the wealthy to the poor, he was murdered. |
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| Monarchist government, 7 Kings about 35years each, Kings were not a dynasty. |
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| Three periods of warfare between Rome and Carthage; Rome takes over Sicily, North Africa, and Hispania. |
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| Differences between the Patricians and Plebeians to have equal control of the government in Rome. |
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| Roman power shared between the King and Senate. |
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| Settlers of the Italian peninsula, who dominated the region till the rise of the Roman Republic. |
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| “Universal city” expanded and joined city-states. |
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| After death of Alexander, the empire was split into three: Ptolemaic, Seleucid, and Antigonid but they still shared the Greek culture and heritage that bound them together. |
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| Macedonian king who created an enormous empire after his father Phillip II, said to of helped the “East marry the West.” |
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| Student of Plato, analyzed the material world, science. |
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| A student of Socrates, writings of which most famous “philosopher-kings,” believed in intelligent rule. |
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| Athenian philosopher, questioned everything including why lost to Spartans. Corrupted kids minds and was put to death. |
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| Civil war between Athens and Sparta. Sparta eventually wins by cutting off food supply and Athens population gets sicks and dies off, Athens falls under Spartan rule. |
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| Union of city-states to continue fight against Persia. Athens control of the league led to the civil war that started the Peloponnesian war. |
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| Battle between Athens and Persia, where Athens won by themselves. |
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| A Greek polis but Persian colony responsible for some of the first scientists and sophists. |
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| Military society enemies and friends to the Athens. |
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| Most marketable city-state form of democracy and Naval power of Greece, ended in a defeat in the civil war with Sparta. |
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| Greek foot soldier that carried large round shields called hoplons, stood in phalanx formations. |
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| City-states with everything to run and sustain themselves. |
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| A Greek story teller famous for Iliad and Odyssey. |
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| One of the three major universal faiths alongside Judaism and Christianity. Persian decent, preaches being good to help the one and only Ahura-Mazda defeat evil for his final judgment day. |
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| Persian ancient highway to wage war faster and conduct trade. |
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| The architect of the Persian empire, and human rights. |
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| Exile of Hebrews to Babylon where they struggled to keep their identity with no homeland. |
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| There was still many idols or gods but soon only one was important in monotheism. |
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| Hebrew name for The LORD, one God and he had a name. |
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| This terms refers to the relationship and contractual agreement of a promise that the Hebrews have with Yahweh. |
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| Took power after Saul, power and blood hungry. |
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| Predecessor to Moses, conquered Canaan. |
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| Great military leader that died before his greatest victory. |
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| No known origins, wave of destruction ends Bronze Age, Minoans, Mycenaean, and begins the dark ages. |
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| Main people from Greece, Troy, culture founded on War and place to redistribute and trade economy. |
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| Thalassocracy, “Empire on the sea”, sea acted as natural protection from invasion, large trade center. Adapted technology from Egyptians but perfected it. |
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| “Rulers of foreign lands” that invaded Egypt and took over, adapted Pharaoh rule. |
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| Principle of truth, order, justice. Goddess that weighed heart against a feather to determine if worthy of immortality. |
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| Egyptian god, first pharaoh of Egypt, one of the most fundamental gods along with his sister/wife Isis. |
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| An intact full-size vessel from Ancient Egypt that was sealed into a pit in the Giza pyramid for the afterlife. |
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| Modern day Turkey, known for place of Trojan wars, and featured in the Iliad. |
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| Paper-like perishable medium used for writing on made of processed reeds. |
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| Palace official, and architect who gave birth to the pyramids with his step pyramid. |
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| Changed his name to Akhenaten, worshiped sun god Ra, changed sun god from that of a falcon head to image of a disk with rays, led to his demise in power. |
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| Female pharaoh during New Kingdom, lots of building in Valley of kings, and obelisks. |
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| First human king of unified Egypt, joined upper and lower Egypt, some connection to Scorpion king. |
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| “Household,” rulers of Egypt, a divine representation of the gods and Egypt themselves. |
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| Expansion period, all Pharaohs buried in the Valley of the Kings. |
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| Golden age, higher expectations on Pharaohs, economy increasing, and hidden tombs. |
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| First emergence of Egypt's empire, Age of the pyramids, capital Memphis, Pharaohs had absolute power and were considered gods on earth. |
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| First set of enforced and published laws that were displayed on large columns around the cities. |
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| South Mesopotamia, capital Babylon, takes power after Hammurabi. |
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| Great king of Sumer and Mesopotamia history, united Sumeria and Akkadians gods. |
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| Verbal and written story of the ruler of Uruk. |
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| Early writing system that began to develop in Mesopotamia, more like a seal on clay tablets. |
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| An area of land in the now Syria, Israel, Iraq that gave birth to many civilizations because of the climate and abundant natural resources. |
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