Details Title: Ancient Art history Description: Greek and Roman art Total Flash Cards: 51 Created: 12/11/2007 13:14:12		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Art History Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Definition Propylaea by Mnesicles Entrance to Acropolis, built to hold animals as well Term Definition Acropolis in athens, ruined by Persians in 480 BCE Oath of Palatea not to rebuild but it was broken to retouch ceremonial buildings Term Definition Parthenon built as a temple to athena, also used as a treasury   Term Lysippos Definition Sculptor for Alexander the Great Term Definition Alexander mosaic Copy of painting, found in pompeii, wild hair lots of emotion, charging.  More persians than greeks but greeks will win. Alexander spears Persian in white, no helmet (hero) Term Hellenistic Art Definition Major change brought on by Alexander the Great, shift from city states to one big empire. Reflects a major political shift in Greek world. Emotional art work, sculptures viewed from all angles Term Definition Great Altar of Zeus at Pergamon 180-156 BCE Built by Eumenes, not finished Continuous frieze of Gods battles Giants all around Term Definition Zeus Fighting Porphyrion and other Giants frieze from great alter at pergamon Zeus about to hurl a thunderboldt, over 10 ft. tall Fighting 3 giants at once, shows his strength he is the only one standing Poryhyrion has snake legs, giants are children of earth Term Definition Athena fighting Alyconeus frieze at great altar in pergamon Balances the scene, she moves in opposite direction as Zeus. High drama, swirling drapery, wings, curvature. Yanks Alyconeus by hair, shows power. Giant could only be killed when not touching the ground. Term Definition gaul and wife Made for victory over Gauls. Gaul kills himself as he already killed his wife. Differntiate different ethnicity by hair, dress, facial hair. Contrast between wife and husband-control, vigorous vs limp. Gaul makes eye contact with the viewer to inspire pride in a Peramene citizen   Term Definition Dying Gaul Known only in Roman copy. Tumpeter of the Gauls, pained expression. Differentiate his ethnicity based on hair, facial hair, necklace, weathered ksin Term Definition Nike of Samothrace 210-190 BCE Just landed on the prow of a ship, commemorates a naval victory, flown through the air dramatically. Heightened realism. Term Definition Laocoon Statue of Laocoon and sons being killed by snakes. Marble. Laocoon was a priest in Troy. Gods predestined Greeks to win so sent snakes to kill Laocoon to prove his prophecy was wrong. Highly emotional Term Definition Sarcophagus of Married Couple from Cervetri reclining in marriage bed, made of baked clay high status (pointed hats) based on greek art because of archaic smile, hair, beard. House of the dead Term Definition Tomb of Hunting and Fishing 510 BCE Inner room (of 2 rooms) Man of tomb=heirarchic scale Sea and death theme "dive into sea of death" Term Definition Hellenistic Ruler 2nd century BCE Demetrius of Syria Completely nude, leans on staff, reminiscent of Doryophoros, follows tradition of Greek athletic sculpture Term Definition The Orator 1st Century BCE Between Etruscan and Roman art Toga, boots are status symbol, laborers do not use togas. Class concious society. Style is Greek, features are Roman (aging, wrinkles), inscription is Etruscan. Term Definition Roman Patrician holding Busts 50 BCE Patricians were upper class. Marble. Toga. Holds busts of ancestors, death masks were displayed at Roman home. Signs of aging. Term Definition Brutus 2nd Century BCE Bearded face is remarkable about Brutus. Ideal image of what ROmans wanted their founder to look like. Stern, piercing gaze. Aging. Term Definition Temple of Fortuna Virilis 2nd Century BCE Represented a change in architecture for Romans, used tufa covered in stucco. Much of the architecture is aeshetic.   Term Definition Round Temple by the Tiber "Temple of Vesta" 150 BCE Made of marble, built in Greek style. Dedicated to Hercules Victor. Marble not found in Italy, so expensive Term Definition Temple of Sibyl at Trivoli   Term Definition Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia Praeneste, 80 BCE Dedicated to Fortune, the First Born. An oracle. Basilica hall at base had a grotto which indicates it was sacred, could be civic. Built to look more ol-fashioned. Restricted view as one travels up "mysterious" Term Definition Statue of Augustus from villa of liva prima porta 1st century BCE Set up in villa of his wife Wanted to return to a time of peace and prosperity, mimics 5th century Greek Classical art. Barefoot, heroized. Traces lineage to Venus with symbols at foot. Armor. Makes speech. Posthumus because he wasnt worshipped as a god during life. Like the Doryphoros and the Orator. Back not finished, placed against wall. His cuirass has a lot of symbolism, bearded figure holding drapery (jupiter) mother earth holding fruits, sky charioteer (rising sun), woman with torch (evening star) apollo, relatives, provinces he's conquered.       Term Definition Term Definition Ara Pacis 13-9 BC altar of peace Commemorates Augustus return from Spain, short sides have allegorical/mythological stories. Long sides are a procession of family and political people. All move toward sacraficial altar. All alludes to elemnts of Augustan program. Term Definition Relief from Ara pacis. Goddess Roma, Mother Earth. Outdoor landscape, sheer garments. Emphasis on fertilitiy: babies, flowers, plants, women, animals. Reflects Augustus' plan to repopulate Rome, bring peace and prosperity. Term Definition Relief of Romulus and Remus on ARa Pacis bad shape, wolf with boys Term Definition Term Definition Sacrifice of Aeneas Relief Ara Pacis Wears Greek himation but Roman head dover, sets him in the past, ancestor of Julius Caesar, escaped from Trojan War, offers pigs Term Definition Procession Ara Pacis People move towards altar, family, priests. Augustus wears toga over head, is in higher relief, extends his arm in sacrifice. People look at him. Whole family is there even people that have died or are away in war. Children are present. Term Definition Odyssey Paintings Rome 50 BC Narrative of the Odyssey when he goes to the land of the Laestrygonians (cannibals) in a Roman home, inscriptions in Greek. Figures smaller than landscape   Term Definition Arch of Titus Located at end of Roman Forum. Erected to commemorate Titus' conquest over Jews. Erected after his death. On top is a chariot with TItus, Vespian, and Domitian in bronze. Also allegorical figures of victory and a frieze of figures makin a sacrifice to the river Jordan. Term Definition Triumph of Titus in a Chariot Figures are mixed in with allegorical figures. Woman leads the hroses, representing Rome. Another man represents the senate. Light and shadow important Term Definition Colosseum Built over drained lake. Foundation was done in tufa. Conservative design. Series of rings. Columns used as decorative. barrel vault. Arches around outring serve as entrances. better seats made of marble. animals pulled through trapdoors. Mosaics of gladiators. Term Definition Pantheon "all the gods" AD 118-136 Built under Hadrian, first temple of this form Made of concrete, brick, granite. Inside made of different kinds of marbles and stones from all over the empire. Statues of deities stood in niches. Dome is supposed to be "The Dome of the Heavens" the oculus creates a lighting effect, rain and snow came through also. Natural vs artifical Term Definition Columns of Trajan AD 112 Tomb of Trajan, unusual, normally buried outside of city limits. At the forum of trajan. Staircase inside the column. Statue of Trajan on top. Carving of Dacian wars, inscription of purpose, slit like windows exposing staircase. can be seen from several places. Art shows Romans are pious (Jupiter fights with them), on horses, stronger, more numerous, no fallen soldiers, etc. Propaganda. Term Definition Term Definition Porphyry Tetrarchs in Venice Stone porphyry is from Egypt, deep purple red connotates royalty. Represent the Augusti and Caesars of the 4 parts of Rome. Dressed in military, hard looks, hard drapery. Embraced=harmony. Augusti have little beards. Conceptual. Term Definition Bascilica of Maxentius and Constantine AD 310-315   Started by Masentius, finished by Constantine.  Architecture style used for different purposes.   Term Definition Term Definition Colossal Head of Constantine AD 315 part of a huge statue of Constantine in the Basilica. 8.5 ft tall. Overwhelm the viewer. Classical style. Looks up at the heavens. Term Definition Arch of Constantine AD 312-315 Larger than Arch of Titus. Constantine on a chariot at the top. On bases of colums. Put his head over many reliefs and images of other emperors. Term Definition Apoxyomenos (athlete scraping himself) 360-300 BCE Made by Lysippos. Roman copy. Reminisent of Doryphoros. Natural relaxed position. Detailed. Caught in a moment. Term Definition Hermes by Praxiteles 330 BCE Natural, muscular, curved. Holding dionysos, dangling grapes anove him. Humanized version of Hermes Term Definition Nike by Paionios 424 BCE on a pillar at the temple of Zeus. moment in time, landing on a cloud, weight on her toes, sensual, sheer clinging to body, breast is bare, heightened realism, eagle (Zeus) emphasize vicotry Term Definition Doryphoros 450 BCE Known only in Roman copies. Idealistic, musculature of torso affected by the posture of legs. Original did not have tree turnk. Relaxed, bland features. Term Definition Erechtheion Erectheus was king of Athens. Designed for multiple gods (athena, poseidon etc), uneven terrain. Not symmetrical. Two remnants remain an olive tree for AThena and a rock for Poseidon. Porch of Caryatids. Term Parthenon art Definition Birth of Aphrodite, Metopes (Lapiths and Centaurs), Panatheic Procession Term Definition Temple of Athena Nike by Callicrates Figure of Nike adjusting sandal, sexual, Battles of nude Greeks vs clothed Persians. Persians=feminine. Term Definition Aphrodite of Knidos 330 BCE by Praxiteles Roman copies. Wholly nude. Getting drapery off of water jar. Catch goddess unclothed. Water in jar=female sexuality. Gods are more humanized.