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Details Title: ANATOMY OF CELLS Description: CHAPTER 3 Total Flash Cards: 40 Created: 11/22/2007 19:20:36	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term       ACTIVE TRANSPORT Definition       MOVEMENT OF A SUBSTANCE INTO OR OUT OF A LIVING CELL REQUIRING THE USE OF CELLULAR ENERGY Term Definition Term       CYTOKINESIS Definition       PROCESS BY WHICH A DIVIDING CELL SPLITS IT'S CYTOPLASM AND PLASMA MEMBRANE INTO 2 DISTINCT DAUGHTER CELLS Term       DIFFUSION Definition       SPREADING--THE NATURAL TENDENCE OF SMALL PARTICLES TO SPREAD OUT EVENLY WITHIN ANY GIVEN SPACE Term         MEIOSIS Definition       NUCLEAR DIVISION IN WHICH THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IS REDUCED TO HALF THEIR ORIGINAL NUMER THROUGH SEPARATION OF HOMOLGOUS PAIRS; PRODUCES GAMETES Term       MITOSIS Definition         COMPLEX PROCESS IN WHICH A CELLS DNA IS REPLICATED AND DIVIDED EQUALLY BETWEEN TWO DAUGHTER CELLS Term       OSMOSIS Definition         MOVEMENT OF FLUID (USUALLY WATER) THROUGH A SEMI-PERMIABLE MEMBRANE FROM AN AREA OF LESSER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF GREATER CONCENTRATION Term       PASSIVE TRANSPORT Definition       CELLULAR PROCESS IN WHICH SUBSTANCES MOVEV THOUGH A CELLULAR MEMBRANE WITH THEIR OWN ENERGY SUPPLIED DIRECTLY BY THE CELL OR ITS MEMBRANES Term     PHAGOCYTOSIS Definition       INGESTION AND DIGESTION OF PARTICLES BY A CELL Term       PINOCYTOSIS Definition     ACTIVE TRANSPORT MECHANISM USED TO TRANSFER FOUIDS OR DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES INTO CELLS Term       ANAPLASIA Definition         GROWTH OF ABNORMAL (UNDIFFERENTIATED) CELLS - AS IN A TUMOR OR NEOPLASM Term         ANAMOLY Definition     DEVIATION FROM NORMAL Term       ATROPHY Definition       WASTING AWAY OF TISSUE;  DECREASE IN SIZE OF A PART Term       BENIGN Definition       REFERS TO A TUMOR OR NEOPLASM THAT DOES NOT METASASIZE ( SPREAD TO DIFFERENT TISSUES)  Term         CARCINOGEN Definition       SUBSTANCE THAT PROMOTES THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER Term         CONGENITAL DISORDER Definition         REFERS TO A CONDITION PRESENT AT BIRTH; MAY BE INHERITED OR ACQUIRED IN THE WOMB AT BIRTH Term       CYTOLOGY Definition       THE STUDY OF CELLS Term         DYSPLASIA Definition      ABNORMAL CHANGES IN SIZE, SHAPE, AND ORGANIZATION OF CELLS IN A TISSUE ASSOCIATED WITH NEOPLASMS   Term         GENETIC DISORDER Definition       PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS CAUSE BY MISTAKES OR MUTATIONS IN A CELLS GENETIC CODES Term       HYPERPLASIA Definition         GROWTH OF AN ABNORMALL LARGE NUMBER OF CELLS AT A LOCAL SITE Term         HYPERTROPHY Definition       INCREASED SIZE OF AN ORGAN OR PART CAUSED BY AN INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF ITS CELL Term         MALIGNANT Definition         REFERS TO A TUMOR OR NEOPLASM THAT IS CAPABLE OF METASTASIZING, OR SPREADING TO NEW TISSUE;  CANCER Term       METAPLASIA Definition         TRANSFORMATION OF ONE TISSUE INTO ANOTHER; ABNORMAL REPLACEMENT OF CELLS OF ONE TYPE BY CELLS OF ANOTHER Term       METASTASIS Definition         PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS OF CANCER BY WHICH MALIGNANT TUMOR CELLS SEPARATE FROM A PRIMARY TUMOR AND THEN MIGRATE TO INITIATE A SECONDARY TUMOR Term       NECROSIS Definition     DEATH OF CELLS IN A TISSUE; OFTEN RESULTING FROM ISCHEMIA    Term       NEOPLASM Definition       TUMOR OR ABNORMAL GROWTH Term       FIVE FUNCTIONS OF THE VARIOUS PROTIENS FOUND IN THE CELL MEMBRANE Definition     1. TRANSPORT PROTEINS IN AND OUT OF THE CELL 2. ACT AS IDENTIFICATION MARKERS 3. CATALYZE CELLULAR REACTIONS 4.  BIND TO OTHER MEMBRANE PROTEINS TO FORM CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CELLS OR BIND TO SUPPORT FILAMENTS 5.  RECEPTORS THAT REACT TO THE PRESENCE OF HORMONES OR OTHER CHEMICALS AND TRIGGER METABOLIC CHANGES IN THE CELL   Term       MITOCHONDRIA Definition   any of various round or long cellular organelles of most eukaryotes that are found outside the nucleus, produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and are rich in fats, proteins, and enzymes ;  organelle in which ATP generation occurs; often termend "powerhouse of the cell"     Term       LYOSOMES Definition         CONTAINS DIGESTIVE ENZYMES Term       RIBOSOME Definition       ORGANELLE IN THE CYTOPLASM OF CELLS  THAT SYNTHESIZES PROTEINS ( GRANULAR); SOMETIMES CALLED "PROTEIN FACTORY" Term         GOGLI APPARATUS Definition     ORGANELLE CONSITING OF SMALL SACS STACKED ON ONE ANOTHER NEAR THE NUCEUS THAT MAKES CARBOHYDRATE COMPOUNDS, COMBINES THEM WITH PROTEIN MOLECULES, AND PACKAGES THE PRODUCT FOR DISTRIBUTION FROM THE CELL. (EXOCYTOSIS) Term       CENTRIOLES Definition     PAIR OF TINY CYLINDERS LOCATED IN THE CENTROSOME Term     CILIA Definition       HAIRLIKE PROJECTION OF CELLS; PROPELS SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE SURFACE OF THE CELL Term     CHROMATIN Definition     LONG STRANDS OF DNA WITHIN THE NUCLEUS Term     FLAGELLA Definition   SINGLE PROJECTION EXTENDING FROM THE CELL SURFACE; ONLY EXAMPLE IN HUMAN IS THE "TAIL" OF THE MALE SPERM    Term     NUCLEOLUS Definition       DENSE, WELL-DEFINED BUT MEMBRANELESS BODY WITHIN THE NUCLEUS; CRITICAL TO PROTEIN FORMATION BECAUSE IT "PROGRAMS" THE FORMATION OF RIBOSOMES IN THE NUCLEUS Term       FORMS THE CYTOSKELETON Definition     CELL FIBERS CENTROSOMES Term       MEMBRANOUS ORGANELLES Definition     ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM LYOSOME PLASMA MEMBRANE NUCLEUS MITOCHONDRION GOGLI APPARATUS Term       NONMEMBRANOUS ORGANELLES Definition     RIBOSOME NUCLEOLUS CENTRIOLE Term     PEROXISOMES Definition       ORGANELLES THAT DETOXIFY HARMFUL SUBSTANCES THAT HAVE ENTERED CELLS