Term
| what are the borders of the mediastinum? |
|
Definition
| thoaracic aperture, diaphragm, sternum, thoracic vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the mediastinum? |
|
Definition
| herath, great vessels, trachea and bronchi, thymus, esophagus, nerves (vagus, phrenic, sympathetic trunk), lymphatics, veins |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the superior mediastinum? |
|
Definition
Superior vena cava
• Brachiocephalic veins
• Arch of the aorta
• Thoracic duct
• Trachea
• Esophagus
• Thymus
• Right and left Vagusand Phrenic
nerves |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the anterior mediastinum? |
|
Definition
Sternopericardialligaments (this
is the fibrous tissue that runs
between the anterior thoracic
wall and the fibrous
pericardium)
• Fatty tissue which is remnant of
the thymus gland. In infants and
children the inferior portion of
this gland occupies this space. |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the middle mediastinum |
|
Definition
Heart within pericardium
• Great vessels emanating from the
heart
• Main bronchi
• Arch of the azygos
• Right and left Vagusand Phrenic
nerve |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the posterior mediastinum> |
|
Definition
Thoracic aorta
• Thoracic duct
• Azygosand hemiazygosveins
• Esophagus
• Sympathetic trunk and its
branches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pericardium is composed of fibrous and serous portions.
Serous pericardium: parietal and visceral layers. Visceral pericardium of the heart is called the epicardium |
|
|
Term
| what is the role of the fibrous pericardium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the pericardium |
|
|
Term
| what is pericardial effusion |
|
Definition
Excess fluid within the pericardial space. The fluid
may be aspirated with a needle usually via the bare area of the heart at the
left 5th intercostal space. |
|
|
Term
| what is constrictive pericarditis |
|
Definition
| thickening of the pericardial sac |
|
|
Term
| what is cardiac tamponade? |
|
Definition
| heart is compressed due to inelasticity of the fibrous pericardium. This leads to biventricular heart failure |
|
|
Term
The serous pericardium has lines of reflections. Anteriorly, the reflection
occurs at the anterior
proximal ends of the
great vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the pericardial sinuses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The phrenicnerves
(Ventral ramiof C3,4,5)
carry GSA fibers from the
pericardium and the
parietal pleura.
They also supply GSE
fibers to the diaphragm.
(mostly C4)
Identify the phrenic n.
and pericardiacophrenic
a. & v. anterior to the root
of the lung. Preserve
these structures, which lie
between the mediastinal
parietal pleura and the
fibrous pericardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| apex of the heart sits where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the heart sit between, in general relationship?? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For an echocardiogram a probe is passed down the esophagus to examine the left
atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Surfaces:
Posterior/Base: Mostly the left atrium
Anterior/Sternocostal: Right ventricle
Inferior/Diaphragmatic: Left
ventricle, some right ventricle
Left pulmonary surface: Left ventricle
Right pulmonary surface: Right
atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| know the coronary sulcus and the anterior interventricular groove |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Right border: SVC, right atrium, IVC
Left border: arch of the aorta, pulmonary trunk, left ventricle
Inferior border: right and left ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cardiac skeleton? |
|
Definition
The cardiac skeleton separates the atria from
the ventricles and provides rigid structure for
the heart as well and anchoring the valves |
|
|
Term
| what is the cardiac skeleton? |
|
Definition
The cardiac skeleton separates the atria from
the ventricles and provides rigid structure for
the heart as well and anchoring the valves |
|
|
Term
Infarction (def): rendered virtually bloodless
A myocardial infarction means that an area
of myocardium does not receive blood. The
lack of blood will lead to tissue necrosis (tissue
death).
Myocardial ischemia refers to insufficient
blood supply. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autonomic innervation
(GVE) is via the cardiac
plexus, which contains
parasympathetics(blue)
from the Vagus n. and
sympathetics(red) from the
sympathetic trunk (at the
thoracic level)
GVA is via both the Vagus n.
and the sympathetic trunk |
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