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Details Title: Anatomy Flash Cards Description: Abdomen, Pelvis, Perineum Total Flash Cards: 176 Created: 10/30/2003 08:00:00	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Nerves between IAO & transversus abdominis Definition Cutaneous branches of T7 – T11 (Thoracoabdominal nn.); Ventral ramus of T12 (Subcostal n.); Iliohypogastric (branch of L1); Ilioinguinal (branch of L1) Term Arteries between IAO & transversus abdominis Definition Inferior intercostal aa.; Subcostal a.; Lumbar a.; Deep circumflex iliac a. (branch of external iliac a.) Term External abdominal oblique muscle attachments, innervation, and action Definition Origin: External surfaces of ribs 5-12; Insertion: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior ½ of iliac crest; Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nn., subcostal nn.; Action: Compress & support abdominal viscera, aid in expiration, flex & rotate trunk Term Internal abdominal oblique muscle attachments, innervation, blood supply, and action Definition Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral ½ of inguinal ligament; Insertion: Inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pecten pubis (via conjoint tendon); Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nn., 1st lumbar nn.; Blood supply: Lower 5 intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar arteries; Action: Compress & support abdominal viscera, aid in expiration, flex & rotate trunk Term Transversus abdominis muscle attachments, innervation, blood supply, and action Definition Origin: Internal surfaces of costal cartilages 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament; Insertion: Linea alba with aponeurosis of IAO, pubic crest, pecten pubis (via conjoint tendon); Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nn., 1st lumbar nn.; Blood supply: Lower 5 intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar arteries; Action: Compress & support abdominal viscera, aid in expiration Term Rectus abdominis muscle attachments, innervation, blood supply, and action Definition Origin: Pubic symphysis, pubic crest; Insertion: Xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5-7; Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nn.; Blood supply: Superior and inferior epigastric arteries; Action: Flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae), compresses abdominal viscera, aids in expiration Term Bony boundaries of abdominal cavity Definition Posterior: Vertebrae from TV12 to LV5; Inferior & lateral: Ala of sacrum and of ileum (often called false pelvis) Term Bony boundaries of true pelvis Definition Posterior: Sacrum; Lateral: Ischiopubic rami, ischial spines Term Soft tissue boundaries of abdominopelvic cavity Definition Superior: Diaphragm; Inferior: Pelvic diaphragm; Anterior: Abdominal musculature between rib cage and pelvic girdle Term Dermatome of umbilicus, vertebral level of umbilicus Definition Dermatome: T10; Vertebral level: LV4 Term Fascial layers of abdomen Definition Superficial layer: Camper’s fascia (fatty); Deeper layer: Scarpa’s fascia (membranous) Term Vasculature of Camper’s fascia Definition Veins: Superficial circumflex iliac, external pudendal, superficial epigastric, tributaries to paraumbilical Term Ligaments formed by external abdominal oblique Definition Inguinal (Poupart’s) ligament: ASIS to pubic tubercle; Lacunar (Gimbernat’s) ligament: Medial end of inguinal ligament, rolled under deep to spermatic cord; Pectineal (Cooper’s) ligament: Lateral continuation of lacunar ligament along pectineal line of pubis, considered strongest ligament of the body Term Suprapubic dermatome, vertebral level of iliac crest Definition Dermatome: L1; Vertebral level: LV4 Term Falciform ligament Definition Derivative of ventral mesentery; Free edge contains ligamentum teres (obliterated left umbilical vein), paraumbilical veins; Splits to form left triangular ligament and right coronary ligament Term Median umbilical ligament Definition Midline structure; Formed by peritoneal covering of urachus (obliterated allantois), paraumbilical veins; Runs from superior aspect of bladder to umbilicus Term Medial umbilical ligaments Definition Paired structures; Formed by peritoneal coverings of right and left umbilical arteries; Run from superior aspect of bladder to umbilicus; Proximal part of arteries are patent, give rise to superior vesicle arteries Term Lateral umbilical ligaments Definition Paired structures; Formed by peritoneal coverings of inferior epigastric vessels deep to the rectus abdominis Term Location of inguinal (Hasselbach's) triangle Definition Location: medial to epigastric vessels Term Site of direct inguinal hernia Definition Inguinal (Hasselbach's) triangle; Medial to epigastric vessels; Through superficial inguinal ring Term Boundaries of inguinal (Hasselbach's) triangle Definition Lateral: epigastric vessels; Medial: lateral edge of rectus abdominis muscle; Inferior: inguinal ligament Term Location of deep inguinal ring Definition Location: lateral to epigastric vessels Term Location of indirect inguinal hernia Definition Lateral to epigastric vessels; Through deep inguinal ring Term Layers of the scrotum Definition Skin; Dartos tunic Term Dartos muscle fiber type, innervation, location, and action Definition Fiber type: smooth muscle; Innervation: PSNS; Location: thin layer around scrotum; Action: regulates testicular temperature by elevating (contraction) or lowering (relaxation) the testes Term Coverings of spermatic cord Definition External spermatic fascia; Cremaster muscle and fascia; Internal spermatic fascia Term Abdominal origin of external spermatic fascia, and structure formed Definition Origin: External abdominal oblique; Structure: Superficial inguinal ring Term Abdominal origin of cremaster muscle and fascia Definition Origin: Internal abdominal oblique Term Abdominal origin of internal spermatic fascia, and structure formed Definition Origin: Transversalis fascia; Structure: Deep inguinal ring Term Arteries of the spermatic cord Definition Cremasteric artery (off inferior epigastric artery); Testicular artery (off aorta); Artery to vas deferens (off inferior vesicular artery) Term Nerves of the spermatic cord Definition Ilioinguinal (L1); Genital branch of genitofemoral (L1,L2); Autonomics (to testes, dartos, and blood vessels) Term Afferent and efferent branches of cremasteric reflex Definition Afferent: Femoral br. of genitofemoral n. and ilioinguinal n. (L1); Efferent: Genital br. of genitofemoral n. (L1, L2) Term Other three structures of the spermatic cord Definition Pampiniform plexus of veins (drains the testes & gives rise to the testicular vein); Ductus deferens: most posterior structure in spermatic cord; Lymphatics: parallel veinous drainage to posterior abdominal wall Term Site of testis development Definition Urogenital ridge between layers that become transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum Term Processus vaginalis Definition Outpocketing of peritoneum into scrotum preceding descent of the testis Term Hydrocele Definition Fluid filled remnant of the lumen of the processus vaginalis Term Tunica vaginalis Definition Covers testis (except posteriorly) with visceral and parietal layers Term Efferent ductules of the testis Definition 15-20 in number; Continuous with seminiferous tubules; Drain into epididymis Term Epididymis Definition Used for sperm storage; Drains into vas deferens Term Tunica albuginea Definition Dense white covering forming the capsule of the testis Term Prevalence of hernias Definition 10% of population Term Most common type of hernia Definition Inguinal hernia Term Prevalence of indirect inguinal hernias; prevalence of direct inguinal hernias Definition Indirect: 75% of inguinal hernias; Direct: 25% of inguinal hernias Term Prevalence of inguinal hernias Definition Most common in both sexes; 80% of males with hernias have inguinal hernias; 7 to 1 male to female ratio Term Congenital inguinal hernia Definition Indirect inguinal hernia Term Acquired inguinal hernia Definition Direct inguinal hernia Term Prevalence of umbilical hernias Definition 14% of all hernias; More common in females (1.7 to 1) Term Prevalence of femoral hernias Definition 5% of all hernias; More common in females (1.8 to 1) Term Location of femoral hernias Definition Below inguinal ligament; Through femoral ring Term Location of obturator hernias Definition At obturator foramen Term Location of epigastric hernias Definition At linea alba Term Location of Spigelian hernias Definition In posterior rectus sheath below arcuate line Term Location of lumbar hernias Definition On the back at the lumbar triangle Term Location of perineal hernias Definition Through or between muscles of the pelvic diaphragm Term Location of diaphragmatic hernias Definition At esophageal hiatus, aortic hiatus, or foramen for the inferior vena cava Term Suture anchor sites during inguinal hernia repair Definition Pectineal (Cooper's) ligament and/or Inguinal (Poupart's) ligament Term Ascites Definition Excess fluid in abdominal cavity; may be removed by paracentesis Term Transversalis fascia Definition Loose connective tissue that separates the peritoneum from the abdominal musculature. Term Parietal peritoneum Definition Lines abdominopelvic cavity forming a closed sac. (Except in females, where fallopian tubes lead to exterior.) Term Visceral peritoneum Definition Covers intra-abdominal organs. Term Regions of the stomach Definition Cardia: joins esophagus; Fundus: most superior part (to left of cardia); Body: major part of stomach; Angular notch: marks junction of body with pyloric region; Pyloric antrum: leads into distal canal and sphincter region Term Pyloric sphincter Definition Controls influx into duodenum Term Vertebral level and location of pyloric sphincter Definition Vertebral level: LV1; Location: transpyloric plane Term Shape and length of duodenum Definition Shape: C-shaped; Length: ~12" Term Vertebral levels of parts of duodenum Definition 1st Part: LV1; 2nd Part: LV2; 3rd Part: LV3; 4th Part: LV4 Term Peritoneal relationships of parts of duodenum Definition 1st Part: Intraperitoneal; 2nd Part: Secondarily retroperitoneal; 3rd Part: Secondarily retroperitoneal; 4th Part: Intraperitoneal Term Location of openings of pancreatic and biliary ducts Definition Duodenal papilla; 2nd part of duodenum Term Ligament of Treitz Definition Suspensory muscle that supports the duodenojejunal flexure Term Distinctive characteristics of the jejunum Definition Long vasa recta; Few arterial arcades; Little fat in the mesentery; Few lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches) Term Distinctive characteristics of the ileum Definition Short vasa recta; Many arterial arcades; More fat in the mesentery; Many solitary lymph nodules (Peyer's patches) Term Distinctive characteristics of the large intestine Definition Teniae coli: 3 longitudinal muscular bands; Epiploic appendages: fat tabs; Haustra or Sacculations: outpocketings of the wall of the large intestine Term Cecum Definition Blind pouch at the ileocecal junction Term Vermiform appendix Definition Attaches to the cecum; Marks the beginning of the colon Term Mesoappendix Definition Short, triangular mesentery that suspends the appendix from the ileum Term McBurney's point Definition 2/3 the distance from the umbilicus to ASIS Term Peritoneal relationships of parts of colon Definition Vermiform appendix: Intraperitoneal; Cecum: Intraperitoneal; Ascending colon: Secondarily retroperitoneal; Transverse colon: Intraperitoneal; Descending colon: Secondarily retroperitoneal; Sigmoid colon: Intraperitoneal; Rectum: Extraperitoneal Term Indication of beginning of rectum Definition Termination of teniae coli Term Demarcation of functional lobes of liver Definition The right functional lobe is demarcated from the left lobe by the gallbladder and IVC fossae. Term Demarcation of anatomical lobes of liver Definition Falciform ligament; Fissures for ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum Term Contents of porta hepatis Definition Portal vein; Hepatic artery; Nerves; Lymphatics; Bile ducts Term Boundaries of caudate lobe of liver Definition Inferior vena cava; Porta hepatis; Ligamentum venosum/lesser omentum Term Boundaries of quadrate lobe of liver Definition Gallbladder; Porta hepatis; Ligamentum teres/lesser omentum Term Function of gall bladder Definition Concentrate and store bile produced by liver; Can concentrate 125 mL of bile down to 1mL Term Sphincter of Oddi Definition Guards the terminal ends of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct Term Largest lymphatic organ Definition Spleen Term Location of spleen Definition Behind ribs 9-11 in upper left quadrant Term Innervation of peritoneum Definition Parietal innervation: somatic nerves; Visceral innervation: autonomic nerves Term Attachments of lesser omentum Definition Liver and lesser curvature of stomach (hepatogastric ligament); Liver and duodenum (hepatoduodenal ligament) Term Portal triad Definition Lateral: common bile duct; Medial: proper hepatic artery; Posterior: portal vein Term Boundaries of lesser sac or omental bursa Definition Anterior: lesser omentum and stomach; Posterior: pancreas and abdominal wall Term Epiploic foramen (Foramen of Winslow) Definition Communication between main peritoneal cavity and omental bursa Term Boundaries of epiploic foramen Definition Anterior: hepatoduodenal ligament; Posterior: IVC; Superior: caudate lobe of liver; Inferior: duodenum Term Attachments of greater omentum Definition Greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon (gastrocolic ligament); Greater curvature of stomach and spleen (gastrolienal ligament); Greater curvature of stomach and diaphragm (gastrophrenic ligament) Term Attachments and contents of lienorenal ligament Definition Attachments: hilum of spleen and kidney/posterior body wall; Contents: splenic vessels, tip of pancreatic tail Term Attachments and function of phrenicocolic ligament Definition Attachments: left colic flexure and diaphragm; Function: support spleen Term Mesentery proper Definition Suspends jejunum and ileum from posterior body wall Term Transverse mesocolon Definition Suspends transverse colon from posterior body wall Term Sigmoid mesocolon Definition Attaches sigmoid colon to posterior body wall Term Location and significance of paraduodenal recesses (fossae) Definition Location: around duodenojejunal junction; Significance: potential site for herniation, IMV often found in margin of left paraduodenal recess Term Location and significance of subphrenic recess Definition Location: beneath the diaphragm, anterior & superior to liver; Significance: 2nd most infected abdominal space Term Location and significance of hepatorenal recess (Pouch of Morrison) Definition Location: between right kidney and liver; Significance: most frequently infected abdominal space Term Location and significance of paracolic gutters Definition Location: along ascending and descending colon and mesentery proper; Significance: right gutter may condutct fluid or infection from hepatorenal recess or omental bursa to pelvis Term Vertebral level of bifurcation of aorta Definition Vertebral level: LV4 Term Nerves of the lumbar plexus Definition Ventral rami of (T12) L1 to L5 Term Innervations of iliohypogastric nerve (L1) Definition Upper gluteal region; Lateral abdominal muscles; Sensory to suprapubic region Term Innervations of ilioinguinal nerve Definition Lateral abdominal muscles; Sensory to upper medial thigh, root of penis or mons pubis, anterior scrotum or sup. labia majora Term Innervations of genitofemoral nerve Definition Genital branch: cremaster muscle; Femoral branch: sensory to anterosuperior thigh Term Nerve root(s) of iliohypogastric nerve Definition L1 Term Nerve root(s) of ilioinguinal nerve Definition L1 Term Nerve root(s) of genitofemoral nerve Definition L1 & L2 Term Innervation of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Definition Sensory to lateral thigh Term Nerve root(s) of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Definition L2 & L3 Term Innervations of femoral nerve Definition Motor to quadriceps muscle; Sensory to anterior and lower medial thigh Term Innervations of saphenous branch of femoral nerve Definition Sensory to anterior and medial leg Term Afferent and efferent limbs of knee jerk reflex Definition Afferent: femoral nerve; Efferent: femoral nerve Term Nerve root(s) of femoral nerve Definition L2, L3, & L4 Term Innervations of obturator nerve Definition Motor to medial thigh muscles; Sensory to overlying skin Term Nerve root(s) of obturator nerve Definition L2, L3, & L4 Term Function of lumbosacral trunk Definition Connects lumbar plexus with sacral plexus Term Nerve root(s) of lumbosacral trunk Definition L4 & L5 Term Number of parasympathetic nerves in the body wall, blood vessels, and extremities Definition Zero Term Abdominal structures innervated by vagus Definition Foregut and midgut; Structures supplied by celiac trunk and SMA Term Location of cell bodies of pelvic splanchnics Definition Ventolateral horn of spinal segments S2, S3, & S4 Term Possible actions of pelvic splanchnics after leaving hypogastric plexus Definition Go directly to pelvic viscera; Ascend over sacral promentory to superior hypogastric plexus and IMA Term Abdominal structures supplied by pelvic splanchnics Definition Large intestine from left colic flexure to rectum; Structures supplied by IMA Term Location of cell bodies of thoracic splanchnics Definition Intermediolateral (ventrolateral) horn of spinal segments T5 - T12 Term Location of cell bodies of greater splanchnic nerve Definition Ventrolateral horn of T5 - T9 Term Location of cell bodies of lesser splanchnic nerve Definition Ventrolateral horn of T10 - T11 Term Location of cell bodies of least splanchnic nerve Definition Ventrolateral horn of T12 Term Major SNS input to celiac ganglion Definition Greater splanchnic nerve Term Major SNS input to aorticorenal ganglia Definition Lesser splanchnic nerve Term Major SNS input to renal ganglia Definition Least splanchnic nerve Term Location of aorticorenal ganglia Definition Near junction of renal arteries with aorta Term Location of renal ganglia Definition Along renal arteries near kidneys Term Location of cell bodies of lumbar splanchnics Definition Intermediolateral horn of lower thoracic and L1 spinal segments Term Ventral splanchnic arteries Definition Celiac trunk; Superior mesenteric artery; Inferior mesenteric artery Term Arterial supply of the foregut Definition Celiac trunk Term Arterial supply of the midgut Definition Superior mesenteric artery Term Arterial supply of the hindgut Definition Inferior mesenteric artery Term Branches of the celiac trunk Definition Left gastric artery; Splenic artery; Common hepatic artery Term Vertebral level of celiac trunk Definition TV12 Term Organs supplied by left gastric artery Definition Esophagus - via esophageal branches; Stomach - via dorsal & ventral branches; Liver - via accessory (aberrant) left hepatic Term Site of formation of spleen Definition Mesoderm (forms like a blood vessel) Term Organs supplied by splenic artery Definition Pancreas - via dorsal pancreatic, pancreatic magna, & caudal pancreatic; Stomach - via left gastroepiploic & short gastric; Spleen - via superior & inferior terminal branches Term Branches of common hepatic artery Definition Gastroduodenal, proper hepatic, & right gastric Term Organs supplied by gastroduodenal artery Definition Stomach - via right gastroepiploic; Duodenum - via supraduodenal & superior pancreaticoduodenal; Pancreas - via superior pancreaticoduodenal Term Branches of proper hepatic artery Definition Right hepatic; Left hepatic; Cystic Term Boundaries of cystic triangle Definition Right: cystic duct; Left: common hepatic duct; Superior: liver Term Organ(s) supplied by right gastric artery Definition Stomach Term Blood supply to lesser curvature of stomach Definition Right (off of proper or common hepatic) & left gastric artery (off of celiac trunk) Term Blood supply to greater curvature of stomach Definition Right (off of gastroduodenal) & left gastroepiploic (off of splenic) Term Vertebral level of superior mesenteric artery Definition LV1 Term Structures in the nutcracker formed by the SMA Definition Left renal vein; Uncinate process of pancreas; 3rd part of duodenum Term Branches of superior mesenteric artery Definition Inferior pancreaticoduodenal; Intestinal branches; Colic Term Actions of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Definition Anterior & posterior branches anastomose with anterior & posterior branches of superior pancreaticoduodenal artery Term Organs supplied by intestinal branches of SMA Definition Jejunum & Ileum Term Branches of the colic artery Definition Ileocolic - to terminal ileum and cecum; Right colic - to ascending colon; Middle colic - to transverse colon Term Branches of inferior mesenteric artery Definition Left colic; Sigmoid colon; Superior rectal Term Vertebral level of IMA Definition LV3 Term Vertebral level of renal arteries Definition LV2 Term Marginal artery (of Drummond) Definition Anastomotic connection between the colic arteries Term Arc of Rhiolin Definition Anastomotic connection between the SMA & the IMA Term Main ducts of the biliary tree Definition Common hepatic duct; Cystic duct; Common bile duct Term Tributaries of the common hepatic duct Definition Left & right hepatic duct Term Tributaries of common bile duct Definition Common hepatic duct & cystic duct Term Hepatopancreatic ampulla (Ampulla of Vater) Definition Site of drainage into 2nd part of duodenum of the main pancreatic duct & common bile duct Term Innervation of the liver Definition Sympathetics from T7-9; Parasympathetics from vagal trunks Term Tributaries of the portal vein Definition Splenic & superior mesenteric veins (junction forms portal vein); Left & right gastric veins; Cystic vein Term Areas drained by superior mesenteric vein Definition Stomach (via right gastroepiploic vein); Head of pancreas & duodenum; Jejunum; Ileum; Cecum; Appendix; Ascending colon; All or most of transverse colon Term Tributaries of the inferior mesenteric vein Definition Left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal veins Term Tributaries of the splenic vein Definition Radicles from spleen; Left gastroepiploic, short gastric veins; Inferior mesenteric vein (usually) Term Sites of portacaval anastomoses Definition Veins of esophagus above and below diaphragm; Superior rectal and middle/inferior rectal; Veins of falciform ligament/ligamentum teres and tributaries to epigastric; Term Name and symptom(s) of varicose of esophageal anastomosis Definition Esophageal varix; Necrotic blood in stool Term Name and symptom(s) of varicose of rectal anastomoses Definition Hemorrhoids; Shiny red blood in stool Term Name of varicose of falciform/teres & epigastric anastomosis Definition Caput Medusae Term Major muscles of posterior abdominal wall Definition Psoas major; Iliacus; Quadratus lumborum