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Anatomy Exam 2
bones
73
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/19/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the bone matrix made up of?
Definition
Ground Substance (25%)
Fibers (25%)
Mineral Salts (50%)
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
build up bone tissue
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
destroy bone tissue
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
involved in calcium metabolism; maintains matrix
Term
In spongey/cancellous bone, explain trabeculli
Definition
spikey. 25% of skeleton.
Term
Red Bone Marrow
Definition
Functional. Where red blood cells are made
Term
Yellow Bone Marrow
Definition
Not functional. Very fatty. Doesn't make red blood cells, but few white
Term
Long Bones
Definition
long shaft widened by the end
Term
LB: Shaft is called
Definition
Diaphysis
Term
LB: Ephifas
Definition
end where bone structure flares out. Spongey bone.
Term
LB: Whole bone is covered in...
Definition
Periostium
Term
LB: medullary cavity
Definition
halllow cavity full of bone marrow (mainly yellow for adults)
Term
What are the bone functions?
Definition
1) Support
2) Protect
3) Movement
4) Storage
5) Blood Cell Production
Term
Endochondral Ossification
Definition
bones form from cartilage
Term
Intramembranous Ossification
Definition
bones form within fibrous membranes
Term
Ectopic bone formation
Definition
bones form in abnormal places
Term
Fracture Hematoma
Definition
collection of blood at fracture site
Term
Three types of cartilage
Definition
1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage
Term
Sesamoid Bones
Definition
"sesame seeds"
Term
Wormian Bones
Definition
extra sutural bones in skull
Term
How many bones in skull
Definition
28
Term
How many bones in facial
Definition
14
Term
How many bones in Cranium
Definition
8
Term
How many bones in auditory aussicles
Definition
6
Term
Names of auditory ossicles
Definition
Hammer, anvil, stirrup
Term
Latin Names of Auditory Ossicles
Definition
malleous, incus, stapes
Term
Squamosal Suture
Definition
separates parietal from temporal
Term
Coronal Suture
Definition
separates parietal from frontal
Term
TB: Mastoid Process
Definition
exterior part of temporal bone. lots of air spaces.
Term
TB: Styloid Process
Definition
needle-like process. muscles attach
Term
TB: Zygomatic Process
Definition
NOT part of zygomatic bone. Temporal bone
Term
Occipital Bone: Foramen Magnum
Definition
large hole for spinal cord
Term
OB: Occipital Condyle
Definition
on both sides of foramen magnum
Term
Spehnoid Bone
Definition
butterfly shaped. "Keystone of cranial bones"
Term
SB: Foramen Ovale
Definition
carries veins and nerves and blood to eyes
Term
SB: Sella Turcica
Definition
"Turkish Saddle" pituitary gland sits here
Term
Ethmoid Bone
Definition
behind nose and eyes. sinuses. can have up to 18 holes.
Term
Crbiform Plate
Definition
involves the sense of smell. little nerves
Term
Crista Gali
Definition
"roosters comb" top of ethmoid bone. protects brain from infection
Term
Infraorbital Foramen
Definition
under eye hole
Term
Alveolar Process
Definition
top row of teeth sit in here
Term
Sutures
Definition
immovable joints between skull bones
Term
fontanels
Definition
soft spots in the fetul skulls
Term
sinues
Definition
resinnating chambers. where mucus is produced
Term
Hyoid
Definition
U-Shaped bone in neck. Not attached to any other bone in neck. Many tongue muscles attach here.
Term
Sacrum
Definition
"holy bone" may be the last part of body to rot away
Term
Coccyx
Definition
later becomes fused. tailbone
Term
Atlas
Definition
C1
Term
Axis
Definition
C2
Term
Three parts of sternum
Definition
1. Manubrium
2. Middle
3. Xyphoid Process
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
deals with arms and legs. every bone in appendicular skeleton come in pairs
Term
Pectoral Girdle
Definition
clavicle, scapula. holds arms on
Term
clavicle
Definition
collar bone
Term
scapula
Definition
shoulder blade. looks like shovel
Term
Humerus
Definition
sits in glenoid fossa. loose joint
Term
ulna
Definition
larger than radius. thicker on top, then skinnier. Radial Tuberostiy- where biceps attach
Term
radius
Definition
thinner than ulna. Thinner on top, then larger
Term
Carpals
Definition
8 bones
Term
Metacarpals
Definition
5 bones. (palm area)
Term
phalanges
Definition
14 bones in each hand
Term
pollex
Definition
thumb
Term
pelvic girdle
Definition
designed for stability. mobility is not good.
Term
Pelvis- Acetabulum
Definition
ball of femur fits into. stable joint
Term
Pelvis- Ischial Tuberosity
Definition
'boney butt'
Term
Pelvis- Obturator Foramen
Definition
largest hole in skeleton.
Term
False Pelvis
Definition
greater pelvis. Everything above brim
Term
True Pelvis
Definition
everything below basin. makes a complete circle/basin
Term
Femur
Definition
upper bone. longest, strongest, heaviest bone in skeleton.
Term
Tibia
Definition
larger of the inferior bones. most weight goes to tibia. second strongest.
Term
Tarsal
Definition
7 bones
Term
Metatarsals
Definition
5 bones each
Term
Phalanges
Definition
14 bones each
Term
Hallux
Definition
big toe
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