Term
What is 1 called?
What is its function?
What type of vertebrae is 2?
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Definition
Vertebral canal
House the spinal cord
Thoracic vertebrae |
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Term
What is 1 called?
What is its function?
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Definition
Intervertebral foramen
Exit for the nerves of the spinal cord |
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Term
What is 1 called?
What is 2 called?
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Definition
Nucleus pulposus
Anulus fibrosus |
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Term
| What fraction of the length of the spine do the intervertebral disks constitute? |
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Definition
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Term
What is 1 called?
What action does it limit?
What is its function?
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Definition
Ligamentum flavum
Limits flexion
Attaches adjecent laminae. Exposed |
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Term
What is 2 called?
What action does it limit?
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Definition
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Limits flexion |
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Term
What is 3 called?
What action does it limit?
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Definition
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Limits extension
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Term
What are these 3 layers collectively known as?
What type of tissue are these layers?
What is their function?
What are the names of the 3 layers?
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Definition
Spinal meninges
Connective tissue
Support and protect the spine
Dura mater (green)
Arachnoid mater (purple)
Pia mater (orange)
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Term
What is the name of the layer in green?
What are its characteristics?
Where is this layer found?
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Definition
Dura mater
-Outer most
-Tough
-Surrounded by epidural space
Brain -> S2 |
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Term
What do the illustrations below show?
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Definition
| Filum terminale externum: end of the dura mater |
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Term
What is the name of the layer in purple?
What are its characteristics?
Where is it situated?
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Definition
Arachnoid mater
-Thin/delicate
-Internal to dura mater
-Contains subarachnoid space
-Interwoven with arachnoid trabeculae
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Term
| What are the characteristics of the subarachnoid space? |
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Definition
-Contains the CSF
-Extends to the brain |
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Term
What are the names of the below meninges?
Collectively, what is another name for 4?
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Definition
1) Dura mater
2) Arachnoid mater
3) Pia mater
4) Arachnoid trabeculae
Subarachnoid space |
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Term
What is the orange layer called?
What are its characteristics?
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Definition
Pia mater
-Thin
-Adheres to spinal cord
-Conducts vasculature |
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Term
What is the name of the ligaments below?
What layer are the below ligaments a part of?
What is its function?
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Definition
Denticulate ligaments
Pia mater
Attaches to arachnoid mater, anchors/supports it in place
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Term
What are the names of the 2 segments below?
What are its functions?
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Definition
1) Cervical enlargement: innervates upper apendages
2) Lumbar enlargement: innervates lower apendages |
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Term
What is name of the part below?
Where is it found?
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Definition
Conus medullaris
Between L1 & L2 |
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Term
| Why is the vertebral column longer than the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Because the vertebral column grows faster than the spinal cord |
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Term
Identify the parts below
What does 4 consist of?
What is 5 made up of?
After S2 (end of spinal cord), what is it made up of?
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Definition
1) Spinal cord
2) Conus medullaris
3) Dura mater
4) Cauda equina
5) Filum terminale
Roots of the spinal cord
Pia mater
(External terminae) pia & dura mater |
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Term
What are the names of the structures below?
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Definition
1) Posterior median sulcus
2) Anterior median fissure |
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Term
How are spinal nerves broken up?
What is how many total spinal nerves do we have vs vertebrae?
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Definition
- Cervical (light blue)=8
- Thoracic (orange) = 12
- Lumbar (green) = 5
- Sacral (purple) = 5
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Coccygeal (purple) = 1
31 nerves vs 33 vertebrae
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Term
| What is the trend of the nerves as you go down the spinal column? |
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Definition
| 1st nerve is lateral. As you go down the nerves dip lower & lower |
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Term
What is this are known as?
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Definition
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Term
Identify the parts below
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Definition
1) White matter
2) Gray matter
3) Anterior horn
4) Posterior horn
5) Central canal |
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Term
Identify the part below
 |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the parts below
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Definition
1) Posterior rootlets
2) Posterior root
3) Posterior root ganglion
4) Spinal nerve
5) Anterior root
6) Anterior rootlet |
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Term
What does white matter contain?
What are their functions? |
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Definition
Ascending and descending tracts
Deliver information to and from the brain |
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Term
Where are spinal taps/lumbar punctures usually delivered?
How do you find where to perform the tap? |
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Definition
- in the cauda equina below L1/L2
- Usually L4/L5
Palpate pelvic brim, follow it to spine = L4. Insert right below that into subarachnoid space |
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Term
Identify the parts below
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Definition
1) Dendrites
2) Cell body
3) Axon |
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Term
| What is the CNS composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 anatomical divisions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
1) Central nervous system (CNS)
2) Peripheral nervous system ( PNS) |
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Term
| How many cranal nerves do we have? |
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Definition
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Term
Which way do afferent nerves go?
What are they used for?
Which way do efferent nerves go?
What are they used for? |
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Definition
Towards CNS (towards brain)
Sensory
Away from CNS (towards muscle)
Motor (takes Effort to move muscles) |
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Term
What does somatic apply to?
What does visceral apply to? |
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Definition
Body wall structures: skeleton, muscles, skin
Organs and other structures
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Term
| What are the functional divisions of the PNS motor division? |
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Definition
1) Somatic: voluntary -> skin, joints, skeletal muscles
2) Autonomic: involuntary -> smooth muscle, glands, organs, heart |
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Term
What is a dermatome?
What is a myotome? |
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Definition
Strips of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
Muscle segments innervated by a single spinal nerve |
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