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Anatomy/Dental
Anatomy and Physiology/Terminology
277
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/03/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Cranial

Definition

 

 

Toward the HEAD

Term

 

 

Dorsal Plane

Definition

 

Divides the body into Doral (top) and Ventral (bottom) parts

Term

 

 

Transverse Plane

Definition
divides the body into Cranial (front) and Caudal (rear) parts
Term

 

 

Sagittal Plane

Definition
divides the body into left and right parts, not equal
Term

 

 

Median Plane

 

(Midsagittal Plane)

Definition

 

 

Sagittal plane that divides the body into *equal* left and right parts

Term

 

 

Caudal

Definition

 

 

Towards the TAIL

Term

 

 

Rostral

Definition

 

 

Towards the tip of the nose

Term

 

 

Dorsal

Definition

 

 

Toward the backbone/top of the animal

 

also, top of limb distal to the carpus/tarsus

Term

 

 

Ventral

Definition

 

 

Toward the belly/bottom of the animal

Term

 

 

Medial

Definition

Direction

 

Toward the Median Plane

Term

 

 

Lateral

Definition

Direction

 

Away from the Median Plane

Term

 

 

Deep

Definition
Toward the center of the body
Term

 

 

Superficial

Definition
Toward the surface of the body
Term
Proximal
Definition
toward the body (appendage)
Term
Distal
Definition
away from the body (appendage)
Term
Palmar
Definition
ground surface of front limb distal to carpus (paw)
Term
Plantar
Definition
ground surface of hind left distal to tarsus (paw)
Term
Tarsus
Definition

joint of back leg

 

Hock or Knee

Term
Carpus
Definition

Joint of front legs

 

Wrist

 

Knee  (horse)

Term
Barrel
Definition

trunk of the body

 

rib cage and abdomen

Term
Brisket
Definition
Area at base of neck between front legs, covers cranial end of sternum
Term
Flank
Definition
Lateral Surface of Abdomen between last rib and hind legs
Term
Poll
Definition
Top of head between bases of the ears
Term
Muzzle
Definition
Rostral part of the face
Term
Withers
Definition
Area dorsal to scapulas (shoulders)
Term
Tailhead
Definition
Dorsal part of the base of the tail
Term
Hock
Definition
Tarsus
Term
Stifle
Definition
equivalent to human knee
Term
Fetlock
Definition
joint between cannon bone and proximal phalanx of hoofed animals
Term
Knee
Definition
carpus of hoofed animals
Term
Cannon
Definition
Large metacarpal or metatarsal bones in hoofed animals
Term
Pastern
Definition
area of the proximal phalanx of hoofed animals
Term
Dorsal Recumbency
Definition
Animal is lying on its back
Term
Sternal Recumbency
Definition
Animal is lying on its stomach
Term
Lateral Recumbency (left or right)
Definition
animal is lying on its side
Term
Left
Definition
the animal's left
Term
Right
Definition
the animal's right
Term
Oblique Recumbency
Definition
combination of Lateral and Dorsal or Lateral and Sternal
Term
Dental Arch
Definition
upper or lower teeth

Dental Arcade
Term
Quadrant
Definition
left or right half of each dental arch
Term
Incisor teeth
Definition
most rostral group of teeth
Term
Canine Teeth
Definition
the teeth located just lateral to the incisor teeth
Term
Premolar Teeth
Definition
rostral cheek teeth
Term
Molar teeth
Definition
caudal cheek teeth
Term
Crown
Definition
exposed part of the tooth,above gum line
Term
Root
Definition
hidden part of tooth, anchors tooth to jawbone
Term
Coronal
Definition
towards the crown of the tooth
Term
Apical
Definition
towards the tip of the root
Term
Gingival
Definition
towards the gingiva (gum)
Term
Furcation
Definition
the area where the roots of a multirooted tooth join the crown
Term
Mesial
Definition
Canine, Premolar, and Molar - surface facing to Rostral end of mouth

Incisor - surface facing towards the midline
Term
Distal (dental)
Definition
Canine, Premolar, and Molar - Surface facing caudal end of the mouth

Incisors - surface facing away from midline
Term
Buccal
Definition
surface facing the cheeks
Term
Palatal
Definition
Surface facing Hard Palate (upper teeth)
Term
Labial
Definition
Surface facing the lips
Term
Lingual
Definition
Surface facing the tongue (lower teeth)
Term
Incisal Edge
Definition
cutting edge of sharp tooths crown
Term
Occlusal Surface
Definition
flat grinding surface of molar teeth
Term
Interproximal Space
Definition
space between adjacent teeth
Term
Interproximal Surface
Definition
surface of tooth that faces adjacent tooth
Term
QAD
Definition
Quiet Alert Responsive
Term
DEPR
Definition
Depressed
Term
LETH
Definition
Lethargic
Term
ADR
Definition
Ain't Doin' Right
Term
CC
Definition
Cubic Centimeter

equiv to mL
Term
Mg
Definition
Milligram
Term
mEq
Definition
MilliEquivalent
Term
mL
Definition
MilliLiter
Term
g
Definition
Gram
Term
gr
Definition
Grain
Term
gtt
Definition
drop
Term
OTC
Definition
Over The Counter
Term
PO
Definition
By Mouth
Term
NPO
Definition
Nothing By Mouth
Term
NSAID
Definition
Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug
Term
GI
Definition
GastroIntestinal
Term
CRT
Definition
Capillary Refill Time

<2 seconds
Term
O2
Definition
Oxygen
Term
SID
Definition
once per day
Term
BID
Definition
twice per day
Term
TID
Definition
three times per day
Term
PRN
Definition
as needed
Term
Q
Definition
every
Term
Qd
Definition
every day
Term
Qh
Definition
every hour
Term
Q#h

(# = 2, 3, 4,5, etc)
Definition
Every # hours (# = 2, 3, 4,5, etc)
Term
Eod
Definition
Every other day
Term
TPR
Definition
Temperature Pulse Repiratory Rate
Term
MM/CRT
Definition
Mucous Membranes/Capillary Refill Time

(pink/<2)
Term
Sx
Definition
surgery
Term
Rx
Definition
Prescription
Term
Dx
Definition
Diagnosis
Term
PE
Definition
Physical Exam
Term
Hx
Definition
History
Term
WNL
Definition
Within Normal Limits
Term
DOA
Definition
Dead On Arrival
Term
BAR
Definition
Bright Alert Reponsive
Term
SQ
Definition
Subcutaneous
Term
IM
Definition
Intramuscular
Term
IV
Definition
Intraveneous
Term
IP
Definition
Intraperitoneal

via abdominal cavity
Term
IA
Definition
Intra-Arterial
Term
IC
Definition
Intracardiac
Term
Kg
Definition
Kilogram
Term
AD
Definition
right ear
Term
AS
Definition
Left ear
Term
AU
Definition
both ears
Term
IOP
Definition
Intraoccular pressure

glaucoma test
Term
OD
Definition
Right Eye
Term
OS
Definition
Left Eye
Term
OU
Definition
Both Eyes
Term
RR
Definition
Respiratory Rate
Term
IVDD
Definition
InterVertebral Disc Disease
Term
ICU
Definition
Intensive Care Unit
Term
FLUTD
Definition
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease
Term
Dz
Definition
disease
Term
RE
Definition
Respiratory Effore

(rate is WNL, but animal is panting/breathing hard)
Term
a-
Definition
without or no
Term
traumatic (root)
Definition
pertaining to injury
Term
uria (root)
Definition
urination
Term
an-
Definition
without or no
Term
ab-
Definition
away from
Term
ad-
Definition
toward
Term
emetic (root)
Definition
pertaining to vomiting
Term
anti-
Definition
against
Term
Dys-
Definition
painful, difficult, bad
Term
Eu-
Definition
good,easy,normal
Term
Endo-
Definition
within, inside
Term
Ex-
Exo-
Definition
without, out of, ouside, away from
Term
ecto-
Definition
outside
Term
hyper-
Definition
higher, elevated, more than normal
Term
hypo-
Definition
lower, depressed, less than normal
Term
inter-
Definition
between
Term
intra-
Definition
within
Term
poly-
Definition
many, excessive
Term
oligo-
Definition
scant, little
Term
pre-
Definition
before
Term
post-
Definition
after
Term
sub-
Definition
below, under, less
Term
super-
supra-
Definition
above, beyond, excessive
Term
peri-
Definition
around, during
Term
epi-
Definition
upper
Term
extra-
Definition
outside
Term
infra-
Definition
below or beneath
Term
meta-
Definition
beyond
Term
per-
Definition
throughout
Term
trans-
Definition
across
Term
ultra-
Definition
above, increased, more than normal
Term
-scope
Definition
instrument used to visually examine
Term
-itis
Definition
inflammation
Term
-tomy
Definition
cutting into
Term
-stomy
Definition
surgically created opening
Term
-ectomy
Definition
surgical removal
Term
-ac
-al
-an
-ar
-ary
-eal
-ic
-ine
-ous
-tic
Definition
Pertaining to
Term
cardiac
Definition
pertaining to heart
Term
renal
Definition
pertaining to kidney
Term
ovarian
Definition
pertaining to ovary
Term
lumbar
Definition
pertaining to loin, lower back pain
Term
alimentary
Definition
pertaining to GI tract
Term
laryngeal
Definition
partaining to larynx
Term
enteric
Definition
pertaining to intestines
Term
uterine
Definition
pertaining to uterus
Term
cutaneous
Definition
pertaining to skin
Term
nephrotic
Definition
pertaining to kidneys
Term
-pexy
Definition
suture to stabalize
Term
-plasty
Definition
surgical repair
Term
gastropexy
Definition
surgically stablizing stomach to abdominal wall
Term
rhinoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of nose
Term
colostomy
Definition
surgically created opening between stomach and skin
Term
laparotomy
Definition
incision into abdomen
Term
-centesis
Definition
surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas
Term
cystocentesis
Definition
surgical puncture of urinary bladder with needle to remove fluid (urine)
Term
-gram
Definition
record
Term
electrocardiogram
Definition
electrocardiographic hard copy record
Term
-graph
Definition
instrument that records data
Term
-graphy
Definition
procedure to record data
Term
-lysis
Definition
separation, breakdown
Term
urinalysis
Definition
breakdown of urine into constituents
Term
-scopy
Definition
procedure to visually examine
Term
-therapy
Definition
treament
Term
endoscopy
Definition
visually examining the inside of the body
Term
chemotherapy
Definition
treatment with chemical substances or drugs
Term
-rrhagia
-rrhage
Definition
bursting forth
Term
hemorrhage
Definition
blood bursting forth from vessels
Term
-rrhaphy
Definition
to suture
Term
-rrhea
Definition
flow, discharge
Term
-rrhexis
Definition
rupture
Term
-algia
Definition
pain
Term
-malacia
Definition
abnormal softening
Term
-megaly
Definition
enlargement
Term
-osis
Definition
abnormal condition
Term
-pathy
Definition
disease
Term
-sclerosis
Definition
abnormal hardening
Term
-um
Definition
structure
Term
Ilium
Definition
part of pelvic bone
Term
Ileum
Definition
distal part of small intestine
Term
anomoly
Definition
deviation fromwhat is regarded as normal
Term
-logy
Definition
the study of_______
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
contains the heart and lungs winth ribs, between neck and diaphragm contains Visceral Layer,Parietal Layer,and Pleural fluid.
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
contains reproductive and excretory organs, containg visceral layer, parietal layer, and peritoneal fluid
Term
parietal layer
Definition
lines cavity
Term
visceral layer
Definition
lines organs
Term
pleural fluid
Definition
found in thoracic cavity, lubricating fluid between organs and cavity walls
Term
peritoneal fluid
Definition
found in abdominal cavity, lubricating fluid between organs and cavity walls
Term
4 types of tissue
Definition
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
skin, composed entirely of cells, forms glands that protect, secrete useful substances, and excrete wastes
Term
connective tissue
Definition
composed of cells and intercellular tissue, holds body together and gives support
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
moves body inside and out
skeletal (moving muscle), cardiac (heart muscle), smooth (intestinal)
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
transmits information around the bodyand controls body function
Term
organs
Definition
groups of tissues working together for a common purpose
Term
system
Definition
group of organs that are involvedin a common set of activites (skeletal, muscular, respiratory, etc)
Term
anterior
Definition
front
Term
posterior
Definition
back
Term
cephalic
Definition
pertaining to the head
Term
superior
Definition
uppermost,above, toward the head
Term
inferior
Definition
lowermost, below, toward tail
Term
cavity
Definition
hole or hollow space
Term
diaphragm
Definition
separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
Term
umbilicus
Definition
pit in abdominal walls indicating where umbilical cord entered the fetus
Term
navel
Definition
another term for umbilicus
Term
mesentery
Definition
layer of peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestingin the abdominal cavity
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
superficial to peritoneum
Term
adduction
Definition
movement toward midline
Term
abduction
Definition
movement away from midline
Term
flexion
Definition
closure or reduction in angle of joint
Term
extension
Definition
straightening of a joint, increase in angle of joint
Term
hyperflexion
Definition
joint is flexed too far
Term
hyperextension
Definition
joint is extended too far
Term
supination
Definition
act of rotating a limb or body part so that the palmar surface is facing up
Term
pronation
Definition
rotaing body part or limb so palmar surface is facing down
Term
rotation
Definition
circular movement around an axis
Term
cyt/o -
Definition
cell
Term
protoplasm
Definition
cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
Term
plasm
Definition
formative material of cells
Term
cell membrane (plasma membrane)
Definition
structure lining the cells to protect and regulate what goes in and out of cell
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
gelatinous material within cell membrane that is not nucleus
Term
nucleus
Definition
containg nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and surrounding membrane
Term
nucleoplasm
Definition
material within nucleus
Term
chromosomes
Definition
DNA, genetic material
Term
genetic disorder
Definition
inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes
Term
congential
Definition
something that is present at birth
Term
anaplasia
Definition
changein structure of cells and orientation to each other
Term
aplasia
Definition
lack of development in an organ,tissue, or cell
Term
dysplasia
Definition
abnormal growth of tissue, cells, or organs
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
abnormal increase in number of normal cells in normal arrangement
Term
hypoplasia
Definition
incomplete or less than normal development of cells, tissue, organ
Term
neoplasia
Definition
abnormal new growth of tissue, multiplcation of cells is uncontrolled, rapid,and progressive. usually become tumors
Term
types of tumors
Definition
benign - non recurring
malignant - spreading and life threatening
Term
atrophy
Definition
decrease in size of organ, tissue, cell
Term
dystrophy
Definition
defective growth in size of cell, tissue, organ
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
increase in size of cell, tissue, organ
Term
homeopathy
Definition
dynamic equilibrium
Term
glands
Definition
specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in body
Term
exocrine glands
Definition
secrete substances that go out of the body (sweat glands)
Term
endocrine glands
Definition
secrete chemicals used inside of the body (thyroid, pituitary, pancreas)
Term
organ
Definition
part of the body that performs a special function(s)
Term
skeletal system
Definition
support, shape, protection, mineral storage

bones
Term
muscular system
Definition
locomotion, movement of body fluids, body heat generation

muscles
Term
cardiovascular system
Definition
delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells, transports cellular wastes,immune functions, endocrine functions

heart, vessels
Term
lymphatic and immune systems
Definition
provide nutrients to and remove wastes from tissues, protect body from harmful substances

white blood cells, lymph nodes, tonsils
Term
respiratory systems
Definition
brings o2 into body, removes co2 and water waste from body

lungs
Term
digestive system
Definition
digests food, aborption of digested food, elimination of solid waste

stomach, intestines
Term
urinary system
Definition
filters blood to remove waste,electrolyte balance, fluid balance

bladder
Term
nervous and special systems
Definition
coordinating mechanism, reception of stimulus, transmission of messages
Term
integumentary system
Definition
protection of body, temperature and water regulation

skin
Term
reproductive system
Definition
production of new life

ovary, uterus, testes
Term
endocrine system
Definition
integrates body functions, homeostasis, growth
Term
One
Definition
uni-, mono-
Term
two
Definition
duo-, bi-, dyo-
Term
three
Definition
tri-
Term
four
Definition
quadri-, quadro-, tetr-, tetra-
Term
five
Definition
quinqu-, quint-, pent-, penta-
Term
six
Definition
sex-, hex-, hexa-
Term
seven
Definition
sept-, septi-, hept-, hepta-
Term
eight
Definition
octo-, oct-, octa-
Term
nine
Definition
novem-, nonus-, ennea-
Term
ten
Definition
deca-, decem-, dek-, deka-
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