Term
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Definition
| Refers to forward or front part of body or organ |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to back part of body or organ |
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Term
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Definition
| Body Surface - toward the head end of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Body Surface - Toward the foot end of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Body Surface - Mid-area / main partof body or body part |
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Term
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Definition
| Body Surface - Surface or parts away from the center; Toward the outer border; "Middle layer" |
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Term
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Definition
| Body Surface - Nearest to / on skin surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Body Surface - Furthest from the skin surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Part or surface AWAY from middle of the body, "thumb side on true anatomical position" |
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Term
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Definition
| Parts or surface TOWARD the middle of the body; "Pinky side on the true anatomical position" |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to parts NEARER the point of attachment, point of reference, origin or beginning |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to parts FARTHEST from the point of attachment, point of reference, origin or beginning |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to inside or the internal portion of an organ |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer border / surface of a part, the outside of an organ or structure |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the organs contained within a body cavity or membranous lining surrounding organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the wall or membranous lining surrounding a body cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| Universal guideline: body erect, arms extended by the sides with palms of the hands facing forward, toes pointing anteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient standing upright, either facing you or away from you |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient lying down in any position |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient is lying down (recumbant) on back or posterior (dorsal) surface with face up |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Patient lying down on his / her stomach with anterior surface / face down |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Patient is lying down on either his / her right or left side |
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Term
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Definition
| Left Lateral Recumbent Position |
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Term
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Definition
| Right Lateral Recumbent Position |
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Term
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Definition
| Trendelenburg, Fowlers, Sims' |
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Term
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Definition
| Nursing Term to describe the patient lying recumbent, feet elevated higher than head |
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Term
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Definition
| Nursing term for a patient partially sitting upright - head elevated above trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Nursing term for when a patient in lying on his/her left side in a postion halfway between prone and lateral.
The right knee and thigh are flexed. Left arm along side patient's back
Used when inserting an enema tip or for colonoscopy / rectal exams |
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Term
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Definition
Midsagittal Plane ... aka Median Plane
Sagittal
Transverse Plane
Midcoronal Plane
Midaxillary Line |
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Term
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Definition
| A longitudinal line that passes through the midline of the body dividing it into equal right/left halves |
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Term
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Definition
| Any line passing parallel to the midsagittal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| A line passing crosswise, dividing body into equal superior / inferior portions |
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Term
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Definition
| Longitudinal line passing vertically dividing the body into equal anterior / posterior halves; perpendicular to the midsagittal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| A coronal plane extending vertically through the axilla or armpit; useful for positioning a lateral chest x-ray |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the palm or anterior surface of the hand; the anterior surface of the palm is the True Anatomical Position |
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Term
| Dorsal surface of the hand |
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Definition
| Refers to the posterior surface of the hand |
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Term
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Definition
| Sole or bottom of the foot; The posterior surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Top or anterior portion of the foot; Dont confuse with dorsal!!!! |
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Term
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Definition
| To flex / bend at a joint; decreasing the angle between the parts |
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Term
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Definition
| Forced flexion beyond normal of a limb or part |
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Term
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Definition
| To extend or straighten a joint; increasing the angle between parts |
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Term
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Definition
| Extending a joint beyond a straight or neutral position |
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Term
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Definition
| To decrease the angle between the hand and the ulnar side of the distal forearm (To flex the hand and wrist away from the thumb) |
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Term
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Definition
| Used by orthopedics for Ulnar Flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| To decrease the angle (flex) between the hand and radial side of the distal forearm (to flex the hand and wrist toward the thumb) |
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Term
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Definition
| Used by orthopedics for Radial Flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| To decrease the angle (flex) between the dorsum (anterior) surface of the foot and lower leg; (Move foot and toes upward toward the ankle) |
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Term
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Definition
| To increase the angle (extend) between the foot and ankle; balarina look; (moving the foot and toes downward from the normal position |
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Term
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Definition
| Outward movement of the foot and ankle joint, WITHOUT ROTATING THE LOWER LEG (the plantar surface of the foot is turned away from the median plane of body) |
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Term
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Definition
| Inward movement of the foot at the ankle joint, WITHOUT ROTATING THE LOWER LEG ( the plantar surface of the foot is turned toward the median of the body) |
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Term
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Definition
| A movement of the arm or leg toward the center or midline of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a movement of the arm or leg away from the body - A lateral movement |
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Term
| Internal / Medial Roatation |
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Definition
| To turn the body part toward the midline of the body from the anatomical position (Hip and shoulders are the ONLY two joints that rotate) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| External / Lateral Ratation |
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Definition
| To turn the body part away from the midline of the body from the anatomical position (rotating the shoulder/hip joint outward away from the body) |
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Term
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Definition
| Roatational movement of the forearm, placing the palm up; placing the hand in the true anatonmical postion |
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Term
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Definition
| Rotational movement of the forearm, placing the palm down |
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Term
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Definition
| To move around in a circular motion, using flexion, extension, adduction and abduction |
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Term
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Definition
| A slanting or tilting movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Lifting or raising a part superiorly |
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Term
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Definition
| A lowering or moving a part inferiorly |
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Term
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Definition
| Relates to the same side of the body or part (ex. right forearm and right femur are same side or ipsilateral) |
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Term
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Definition
| Relates to the opposite side of the body or part ( ex. right forearm and left femur are on opposite sides or contralateral) |
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Term
| Ipsilateral & Contralateral are commonly used with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Center beam emitted from the x-ray tube |
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Term
| Central Ray identified by |
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Definition
| two crosshairs when the light field of the x-ray tube is on, and is directed to the center of the body / part |
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Term
| Vertical Central Ray is used |
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Definition
| when patient is recumbent or seated |
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Term
| Vertical / longitudinal X-ray beam |
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Definition
| Vertical Centray Ray is 90 degrees perpendicular to the horizon or horizontal portion of the patients body |
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Term
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Definition
| A horizontal central ray is at 0 degrees to the horizon or horizontal portion of the patients body |
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Term
| Horizontal Central Ray is used |
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Definition
| when the patient is upright, erect, or decubitus; to see air/fluid levels in the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A term used to describe the central ray of the x-ray beam directed TOWARD THE HEAD end of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used to describe the central ray of the x-ray beam directed TOWARD THE FOOT end of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| The device that recieves the energy of the x-ray beam and captures the radiographic image that exits the patient; An image which has been created with digital / computed radiographic equipment. |
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Term
| 3 devices/ways that use a Image Receptor |
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Definition
1. Cassette of film (dark room)
2. Cassette with phosphor plate / Computed tomography (digital)
3. Fluoroscopic Screen (real time) |
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Term
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Definition
| Image that hasn't been processed |
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Term
| Image receptor with phosphor plate |
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Definition
| The plate stores energy created by x-ray exposure; the image reader scans the plate with a laser. the image is converted into a digital format and viewed on a computer monitor (computed radiography) |
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Term
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Definition
| the film within contians the latent image. |
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Term
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Definition
| The image receptor is placed in the direction of the LONG AXIS of the body or body part. (for long objects) |
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Term
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Definition
| The image receptor is placed in the direction of the TRANSVERSE AXIS of the body or body part. (for wide objects and placing 2 objects on 1 plate) |
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Term
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Definition
| A "real time" device in which the body part is viewed on live television. |
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Term
| Direct Digital Radiography (DR) |
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Definition
| "Cassette-less;" Involves a direct conversion method in which a digital receptor detects the radiation intensities transmitted through the patient; Most recent technilogical development in radiography |
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Term
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Definition
| An image of a patient's amatomic part(s), as produced by the interaction of x-rays on an image receptor (IR) image of an anatomical part produced by the interaction of x-rays and an image receptor. |
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Term
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Definition
| A physical piece of material upon which a radiographic inage is exposed |
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Term
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Definition
| More dense structures which absorb x-rays and appear white on a radiograph |
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Term
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Definition
| Less dense structures which don't absorb x-rays that appear black on a radigraph. Ex. air |
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Term
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Definition
| how the body is placed; placing a patients body in a position that best demonstrates anatomical structures; refers to the body part that is closest to the image receptor or the surface on which the patient is lying |
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Term
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Definition
| The path of the x-ray beam as it enters one surface and exits the other surface of the patients body |
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Term
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Definition
| The image on the radiograph / computer monitor; Opposite of projection; NOT a positioning term; best demonstrates the surface closest to the film / image receptor. |
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Term
| Anteroposterior Projection (AP) |
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Definition
| The path of the x-ray beam as it enters the anterior surface of the body and exits the posterior surface to reach the image receptor. |
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Term
| Posteroanterior Projection (PA) |
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Definition
| The path of the x-ray beam as it enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface next to the image receptor. |
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Term
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Definition
| 90 degrees to the plane of film; The projection of the x-ray beam as it enters the side or lateral aspect of the body or body part |
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Term
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Definition
| The x-ray beam as it enters the left side of the patient and exits the right side |
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Term
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Definition
| 90 degrees from the anterior / posterior postitions; side of interest is placed closest to the image receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| When ever the beam is angled; The central ray of th x-ray beam is angled along with the long axis of the body or body part |
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Term
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Definition
| "Skimming;" The central ray of the x-ray beam is positioned so that it skims between body parts or body surfaces to profile a body part and project it free of superimposition. |
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Term
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Definition
| "things on top of eachother," when ever a part is on top / covering another. |
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Term
| Inferosuperior Projection |
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Definition
| The path of the beam as it enters inferiorly and exits superiorly; frequently used with the shoulder or hip |
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Term
| Superoinferior Projection |
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Definition
| The path of the beam enters superiorly and exits inferiorly; also used with shoulders and hips |
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Term
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Definition
| 0 degrees to plane of film |
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Term
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Definition
| The body or body part is rotated so it does not produce a frontal or lateral position; degrees in between 0 and 90, most common being 15,20,30,45; gives the 3rd dimension. |
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Term
Oblique Projection
(AP Oblique Projection)
(PA Oblique Projection) |
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Definition
| The path of the x-ray beam which enters wither the anterior or posterior surface and exits the body accordingly |
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Term
| 4 Possible Oblique Positions |
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Definition
Named for side and body surface closest to the film
Right Posterior Oblique (RPO)
Left Posterior Obliquw (LPO)
Right Anterior Oblique (RAO)
Left Anterior Oblique (LAO) |
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Term
| Right Posterior Oblique (RPO) |
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Definition
| The patient lying recumbent or standing erect with right posterior surface against the film; Left side elevated away from the film; AP Oblique Projection |
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Term
| Left Posterior Oblique (LPO) |
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Definition
| The patient is lying recumbent or erect with left posterior surface against the IR, right side elevated; AP Oblique Projection |
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Term
| Right Anterior Oblique (RAO) |
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Definition
| The patient is lying down recumebnt or erect with right anterior surface against the IR, left side elevated; PA Olbique Projection |
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Term
| Left Anterior Oblique (LAO) |
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Definition
| The patient is lying down recumbent or erect with left anterior surface agaisnt the IR, right side elevated; PA Oblique Projection |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient is lying down with a horizontal x-ray beam; type is determined by the side the patient is lying on |
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Term
| Decubitus Positions are used |
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Definition
| To determine air/fluid levels with in the chest or abdominal cavities; THE PATIENT IS USUALLY UNABLE TO STAND FOR AN UPRIGHT POSITION - DONE IN PLACE OF IT |
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Term
| Terms used with Decubitus |
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Definition
Ventral and Dorsal
instead of
Anterior and Posterior
and you still use
Rt lateral and Lf Lateral |
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Term
| 2 requirements with decubitus |
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Definition
1. beam is always sideways
2. patient is always lying down |
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Term
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Definition
| Air outside of the lungs in the chest; indicative of a punctured lung |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| air outside of the digestive tract, with a postibility of a perforation |
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Term
| 4 possible decubitus positions |
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Definition
Named after the surface or side the patient is lying on
Right Lateral Decubitus
Left lateral Decubitus
Ventral Decubitus
Dorsal Decubitus |
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Term
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Definition
| The patient is lying on their left side in the true lateral position; the IR is behind the patient with the x-ray tube in front (AP Projection) |
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Term
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Definition
| The patient is lying on their right side in the true lateral position, the IR is behind the patient with the x-ray tube in front (AP Prjoection) |
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Term
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Definition
| The patient is lying on their back with the IR against their side, the x-ray tube horizontal on the other side (Lateral Projection of the side closest) |
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Term
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Definition
| The patient is lying down on their stomach with the IR against their side, the x-ray tube horizontal on the other side (Lateral projection of the side closest) |
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