Term
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Definition
| synthetic reactions in physiology |
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Term
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Definition
| decomposition reactions in physiology |
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Term
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Definition
| The result of a redox reaction on the donor atom. |
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Term
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Definition
| The result of a redox reaction on the recipient atom. |
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Term
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids |
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Definition
| The four types of organic compounds found in all living things. |
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Term
- temperature
- presence of inhibitors
- allosteric regulation
- isoform expression |
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Definition
| The four factors within the body that influence enzyme activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that decreases the pH of a solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excess acid in extracellular fluid. |
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Term
| activation energy barrier |
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Definition
| It separates the energy levels of reactants and products. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pocket formed in the tertiary structure of an enzyme, in which the reactants are brought together in the proper orientation for bond formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The major form of stored lipid in the body, making up the majority of the fat in adipose cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| along with inorganic phosphate, it is the yield of the splitting off of one of the three phosphate groups of ATP. |
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Term
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Definition
| The main source of energy available to cells to drive energy-requiring reactions that ordinarily would not proceed spontaneously. |
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Term
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Definition
| excess base in extracellular fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule that is most stable when its head is in an aqueous environment and its tail in a nonpolar environment. |
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Term
| allosteric phosphorylation |
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Definition
| At another site other than the active site, the attachment of a phosphate group at a specific site on the protein by another enzyme, kinase. |
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Term
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Definition
Organic compound with a carbon atom bonded simultaneously to:
- carboxyl group
- amino group
- hydrogen atom
- side chain |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of reactants that acts to minimize changes in pH |
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Term
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Definition
| Donor atom: positively charged |
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Term
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Definition
| recipient atom: negatively charged |
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Term
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Definition
| A suspension whose particles are so small that intermolecular forces can overcome the force of gravity and keep the particles suspended |
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Term
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Definition
| atoms connected by a polar bond |
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Term
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Definition
| When the tertiary structure of enzymes begins to unravel |
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Term
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Definition
| formed from monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction |
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Term
- cytosine
- guanine
- thymidine
- adenine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The bound carbohydrate chain of these molecules may be from one to seven or more monosaccharides long |
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Term
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Definition
| Chains of carbons terminating in a carboxyl group |
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Term
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Definition
| The pieces of RNA that remain after editing that are spliced back together during posttranscriptional processing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parts that will be edited and not appear in the final RNA transcript. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reproductive cell that has 22 somatic chromosomes and either an X or a Y chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes that exist in multiple forms with different enzymatic properties, and are the products of separate genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymes that exist in multiple forms with different enzymatic properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Digest condemned proteins within the endocytotic vesicle, making the proteins' component amino acids available for reuse. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| within the secondary structure of proteins, established by folding, coiling, or pleating the chain at particular regions of the primary sequence to form characteristic simple shapes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of the donor atom in a redox reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| result of a dehydration reaction that joins proteins in chains of amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| major components of the plasma membrane surrounding cells and of other membranes within the cellular interior. They are the result of replacing one of the fatty acids of a triacylglycerol with a phosphate group bound to a polar molecule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Causes the ribosome translating the mRNA to attach itself to the endoplasmic reticulum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Variant forms of molecules that differ in the orientation of a key functional group. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule that labels proteins that are to undergo destruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| in RNA, a nitrogen-containing aromatic base that appears instead of thymidine (DNA). |
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Term
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Definition
| The charge distribution of a molecule with polar bonds |
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Term
- attract reactants into an active site
- align reactants into proper orientation for forming a bond. |
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Definition
| How do enzymes in cells catalyze chemical reactions? |
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