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Anatomy and physiology
muscles
63
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/09/2007

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Term

muscle fibers

Definition
long thread like cells that contracts
Term
motor unit
Definition
one neuron& group of muscle fibers
Term
myofibril
Definition
organelle provides contractile ability of muscle cell
Term
sarcomere
Definition
structural & functional unit of myofibril, contains actin and myosin
Term
actin
Definition
thin, located at ends of sarcomere
Term
myosin
Definition

thick, central location in sarcomere

Term
sarcolemma
Definition
plasma membrane
Term
t-tubule
Definition
tub like invaginations of sarcolemma along its surface
Term
terminal cisterna
Definition
enlarged sarcoplasmatic reticulum near t-tubules
Term
triad
Definition
t-tubule plus 2 adjacent terminal cisternae
Term

nucleus

Definition
located right under sarcolemma
Term
endomysium
Definition
delicate connective tissue surrounds each muscle fiber
Term
m. frontalis
Definition
raises eyebrow, wrinkles forehead on frontal bone
Term
m. occipitalis
Definition
on occipital bone provides tight connection with skin and loose connection with cranial bones
Term
m. orbicularis oculi
Definition
around eye, closes eye
Term
m. orbicularis oris
Definition
around mouth
Term
m buccinator
Definition
deep in cheek
Term
m masseter
Definition
superficial on cheek
Term
m temporalis
Definition
fan shaped on temporal bone elevates mandible
Term
m sternoclidomastoid
Definition
attached to sternum, clavical, mastoid process flexes and rotates head
Term
m rectus abdominis
Definition
flexes trunk & depresses ribs
Term
m external oblique
Definition
compresses abdomen, flexes trunk, depresses ribs
Term
internal oblique
Definition
compresses abdomen, depresses ribs
Term
m transversus abdominis
Definition
compresses abdomen together
Term
hernia
Definition
protrusion of part of an organ
Term
inguinal
Definition

inguinal canal, more common in males in groin region

Term
omphalocele
Definition
protrusion through umbilical ring in infants
Term
hiatal
Definition
protrusion of stomach into mediastinum through diaphragm, esophageal foramen
Term
diaphragm
Definition
expands thoracic cavity, prime mover of inspiration
Term
external intercostals
Definition
elevates ribs
Term
internal intercostal
Definition
depresses ribs
Term
erector spinae group
Definition
extends trunk
Term
m trapezius
Definition
hood,extends head and rotates scapula
Term
m pectoralis major
Definition
flexes and adducts humerus
Term
m serratus anterior
Definition
rotates scapula
Term
m latissimus dorsi
Definition
extends and rotates humerus
Term
m deltoid
Definition
abducts humerus
Term
supinators
Definition
biceps brachii, muscles of upper arm
Term
flexors
Definition
biceps brachii (superficial), brachioradialis (lateral), and brachialis (deep). mucsles of  upper arm.
Term
extensors
Definition
triceps brachii, muscles of upper arm
Term
biceps brachii
Definition

superficial on the anterior aspect two headed flexes elbow and supinates forearm

Term
brachioradialis
Definition
superficial and lateral on anterior aspect forms lateral boundary of the antecubital fossa
Term
brachialis
Definition
deep
Term
triceps brachii
Definition
posterior aspect, superficial three headed forearm extensor antagonist to anterior group
Term
flexor carpi radialis
Definition

anterior, superficial, lateral, flexes and abducts the wrist

Term
flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
anterior, superficial, medial, flexes and adducts the wrist
Term
palmaris longus
Definition
anterior, superficial, between carpal flexors flexes the wrist.
Term
pronator teres
Definition
anterior, superficial, between brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis
Term

extensor carpi radialis longus

Definition

posterior, superficial, lateral, extends and abducts wrist

Term
extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
posterior, superficial but deeper, medial to longus extends and abducts the wrist
Term
extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
posterior, superficial, medial, extends adducts wrist
Term
extensor digitorum
Definition
posterior, superficial, between carpal extensors raialis brevis and ulnaris extends the digits
Term
supinator
Definition
deep, posterior, supinates the forearm
Term
flexors (hip)
Definition
iliacus

iliopsoas
Term
extensors (thigh)
Definition
gluteus maximus
Term

abductors (thigh)

Definition
gluteus medius

tensor fascia latae
Term
adductors (thigh)
Definition
gracilis

adductor longus

adductors magnus
Term
extensors (knee)
Definition
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis

quadriceps femoris
Term
flexors (knee)
Definition

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
sartorius

Term
foot movers
Definition
plantar flexors

dorsiflexors
Term
toe movers
Definition
flexors (flexor digitorum longus)
extensors (extensor digitorum longus)
Term
anterior aspect
Definition
tibialis anterior

extensor digitorum longus
Term

posterior aspect

Definition
gastrocnemius
soleus
fibularis longus (lateral)
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