Details Title: An100 Exam 1 Description: Cultural Anthropology Total Flash Cards: 36 Created: 10/13/2008 16:37:39		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anthropology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Bronislaw Malinoski Definition Ethnographic field methods Term Edward B. Tylor Definition Armchair anthropologist. Book- Primitive Culture. Defined Culture. Unilinear Evolution Term Franz Boas Definition Father of American Anthropology founded anthro program at colombia Term Clifford Geertz Definition Bali cock fights. acknowledges and explored the inate desire of humanity Term Charles Darwin Definition Theory of Evolution. selection occurs with traits already in the environment. sketch of tree of life. Term Jane Goodall Definition revolutionized the study of primates. set new standards for the study of animal behavior Term Edward Sapir Definition Wharf Hypothesis- we only know the world in terms of our language Term Adaptation Definition the processes by which organisms cope with environmental fores and stresses Term Ethnography Definition Field work inside a culture Term Ethnology Definition cross cultural comparison. The comparitive study of ethnographic data, society, and culture. Term Holistic approah Definition prehistory and history of a place physical environment family life language religion Term Four Subfields of Anthropology Definition Archeology Sociocultural biological linguistic Term Archaeological Anthropology Definition the study of human behavior and cultural patterns and processes through the cultures material remains Term Cultural Anthropology Definition The study of human society and culture; describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences. Term Linguistic Anthropology Definition the descriptive, comparative, and historical study of language and of linguistic similarities and differences in time, space, and society. Term Biological Anthropology Definition The study of human biological variation in time and space. includes evolution, genetics, growth and development, and primatology Term Applied Anthropology Definition the application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social probems Term Globalization Definition the accelerating interdependance of nations in a world system linked economicaly and through mass media and modern transportation systems Term Ethnicity Definition identification with and feeling part of an ethnic group and exclusion from other certain groups because of this affiliation Term Race Definition an ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis Term Adaptive Strategy Definition a group's system of economic production Term 3 types of foraging Definition pedestrian, equestrian, aquatic Term 5 adaptive strategies Definition foraging, horticulture, cultivation, pastorialism, industrialism Term 4 kinds of political organization Definition band, tribe, chiefdom, and state Term Tribe Definition based on horticulture or pastoralism. socioeconomic stratification and centralized rule are absent in tribes and there is no means of enforcing political decisions Term State Definition sociopolitical organization based on central government and socioeconomic stratification a division of society into classes Term Chiefdom Definition form of sociopolitical organization intermediate between the tribe and the state; kin based with differential access to resources and a permanent political structure Term Generalized Reciprocity Definition principal that characterized exchanges between closely related individuals. as social distance increases, reciprocity becomes balanced and finally negative Term Band Definition basic unit of social organization among foragers. a band includes fewer than 100 people; it often splits up seasonally. Term agriculture Definition non industrialized systems of plant cultivation characterized by continuous and intensive use of land and labor. Term Horticulture Definition non industrial system of plant cultivation in which plots lie fallow for varying lengths of times Term Kinesics Definition the study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressiongs Term Achieved Status Definition social status that comes through talents, choices, actions, and accomplishments rather than ascription Term Ascribed Status Definition social status that people have little or no choice about occupying Term Homnid Definition a member of the taxonomic family that includes humans and the african apes and their immediate ancestors Term Homnin Definition a member of the human lineage after its split from ancestral chimps. used to describe all human species that ever have existed, including extinct ones, and excluding chimps and gorillas.