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American Society
Vocab-Semester One Exam
98
History
9th Grade
01/18/2010

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Cards

Term
Philanthropy
Definition
supporting works for the public
Term
Robber Baron
Definition
rich white men who gave their employess bad wages, drive competitors out of buisness and cheapskates
Term
Social Darwinism
Definition
rich people were rich because they were better than the poor
Term
monopolies
Definition
owning all the companies in that industry
Term
Capitalism
Definition
economic system of privatley and governmently owned companies, where the companies pick prices, the government doesn't
Term
socialism
Definition
economic and political system based on government control of buisness and property and equal distribution of wealth
Term
laissez faire capitilism
Definition
"allow to do" government should not regulate marketplace
Term
collective bargaining
Definition
negotiation between the laborers and management
Term
strikes
Definition
workers not working because they are unhappy about their pay, etc.
Term
lock-out
Definition
employers denie work to the employees
Term
blacklisting
Definition
employers putting certain workers on a list that is passed around, so employers dont hire them because they striked or were in a union
Term
scab
Definition
worker who replaced other workers while they were on strike
Term
injunction?
Definition
a command?
Term
horizontal and vertical monopoly
Definition
horizontal- own all competing buissneses
vertical- owning all suppliers (no middle man)
Term
industrialization
Definition
development of industry on a large scale
Term
urbanization
Definition
the growth of cities
Term
political machines
Definition
organized group that controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and buisnesses in exchange for political, finiancial support
Term
patronage or spoils system
Definition
when the victorious political party gives its voters jobs as a reward
Term
culture shock
Definition
complete change in traditions/ culture
Term
acculturation
Definition
the tossed salad
Term
assimiliation
Definition
melting pot
Term
tenement
Definition
multi-family urban dwelling
usually overpopulated
Term
anti-semetism
Definition
dislike of jewish people
Term
tariff
Definition
a tax
Term
bimettalism
Definition
use of both gold and silver as a monetairy system
Term
muckrackers
Definition
journalist who exposed the corrupt sides of buisnesses and public life in the early 1900's
Term
suffrage
Definition
voting rights
Term
graduated income tax
Definition
if you earn more money, your income tax is larger
Term
secret ballot
Definition
people cannot see who you are voting for, your decision is a secret
Term
referendum
Definition
a procedure by which a proposed legislative measure can be submitted to a vote of the people
Term
recall
Definition
enabling citizens to have another vote to take gov't officials out of their job before their term is done
Term
caveat emptor
Definition
without the warranty a buyer takes the risk
Term
workman's compensation
Definition
aiding families whose relatives were killed or injured while on the job
Term
lynchings
Definition
hurting/killing someone because of race/religious beleifs
Term
legal disenfranchisment
Definition
the taking away of rights from a certain group
Term
segregation policy
Definition
Term
manifest destiny
Definition
the us should be able to go all th eway to the pacific ocean and get land that is owned by mexicans and native americans
Term
imperalism
Definition
policy of extending a nations authority over other countries by economic, political or military means
Term
isolationism
Definition
opposition to political and economic entanglements with other countries
Term
yellow press
Definition
type of journalism that exaggerates the news to make it more interesting for the reader
Term
spheres of influence?
Definition
area or region over which a state/organization has significant cultural, economic, military or political influence
Term
arbitration
Definition
method of settling disputes in which both sides submit their differences to a mutually approved judge
Term
mediator/mediation
Definition
negotiator who acts as a link between opposing sides
Term
propaganda
Definition
a kind of biased communication designed to influence peoples thoughts and actions
Term
underlying causes of WWI
Definition
-nationalism-ethnic groups want independent nations
-imperialism-large powerful Euro countries want control of smaller countries
-militarism-colonies need protection and control
-alliance system
Term
immeadiate cause of WWI
Definition
balkans wanted independence
killing of archduke franz ferdinad and sophie
Term
militarism
Definition
development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy
Term
alliances
Definition
-central powers- germany, austria-hungary, ottoman empire
-triple entent- france, great britain, russia
-triple alliance- germany, italy, austria-hungary
Term
nationalism
Definition
a devotion to the interest and culture of ones nation
Term
neutrality
Definition
not going into a war, staying neutral
Term
trenche warfare
Definition
military operations in which the opposing forces attack and counter-attack from systems of fortified ditches rather than attack on an open battlefield
Term
sabotage
Definition
Term
war dictatorship
Definition
Term
mobilization
Definition
act of assembling and putting into readiness for war or other emergency
Term
draft
Definition
required enrollment in the armed services
Term
espoinage
Definition
when spies get military information
Term
rationing
Definition
giving a certain portion of something to someone/a group
Term
armistice
Definition
truce, or agreement to end an armed conflict
Term
reparations
Definition
the compensation paid by a defeated nation for the damage or injury it inflicted during a war
Term
flappers
Definition
one of the free-thinking women who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the 20's
Term
anarchism
Definition
people who oppose all forms of government
Term
landslide
Definition
an overwhelming electoral victory
Term
quota
Definition
sets limits on how many immigrants from various countries a nation will admit each year
Term
bootlegger
Definition
person who smugled alchoholic beverages into the united states during prohibition
Term
speakeasies
Definition
secret bars during prohibition
Term
fundamentalism
Definition
protestant religious movemnt grounded in the belief that all the stories and details in the bible are literally true
Term
inflation
Definition
increases in prices or decline in purchasing power caused by an increase in the supply of money
Term
buisness cycle
Definition
recurring fluctuations in economic activity consisting of recession and recovery and growth and decline
Term
blue collar workers
Definition
member of the working class who usually earns a hourly wage and preforms manual labors
Term
white collar workers
Definition
salaried professional or an educated worker
Term
GNP
Definition
Gross National Product
Term
bull market
Definition
Term
bear market
Definition
Term
speculation
Definition
involvement in risky buisness transactions in an effort to make a quick or large profit
Term
buying on margin
Definition
the purchasing of stocks by paying only a small percentage of the price and borrowing the rest
Term
credit
Definition
arrangment in which a buyer pays later for a purchase, usually on an installment plan with interest charges
Term
overproduction
Definition
make too much of something- during the great depression
Term
deflationary/depressionary spiral
Definition
prices and wages decrease at an increasing rate and currency gains in value
Term
depression
Definition
sustained, long downturn in one or more economies
Term
recession
Definition
the state of the economy declines; a widespread decline in the GDP and employment and trade lasting from six months to a year
Term
deficit spending
Definition
government spending of more money that it recieves
Term
escapism
Definition
escaping from a daily chore/routine
Term
scapegoat
Definition
someone who is punsihed for errors of others
Term
charisma
Definition
someone who has people skills, draws people to them
Term
brain trust
Definition
nickname for FDR's cabinet
Term
communism
Definition
an economic and political system based on one-party government and state ownership of property
Term
democracy
Definition
government by the people- we vote for representatives
Term
fascism
Definition
gov't that has a strong, cetralized nationalistic gov't headed by a powerful dictator
Term
nazism
Definition
hitler
killing of jews to make an aryan race
Term
totalitarianism
Definition
government has complete control over peoples lives
Term
leftist,rightist, middle of the road
Definition
Term
appeasement
Definition
settling international disagreements
Term
blitzkrieg
Definition
the lightening war
Term
holocaust
Definition
the killing of jewish people to make a superior race
Term
final solution
Definition
Term
island hopping
Definition
the u.s. going to different islands in the pacific ocean and taking them back
Term
kamikazes
Definition
japanese pilots who would crash into places to blow them up
Term
unconditional surrender
Definition
surrendering without getting anything, no conditions
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