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| country (dual monarchy) had many nationalistic Slavic groups |
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| Germany & Italy few colonies |
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| France & Great Britain (England) massive empires |
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| source of the French-German border dispute |
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| wanted ice-free or water harbors in the Baltic Sea and access for Russian warships from the Black Sea into the Mediterranean |
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| sought to bring together all Slavic people of central and Eastern Europe under Russian Control |
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| Triple Alliance (created by Bismark) |
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| Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy |
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| Great Britain (England), France & Russia (Bismark driving force) |
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| never wanted Germany to be in a two-front war |
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| Gavrilo Princip shooting Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo; Emperor Franz Joseph placed harsh demands on Serbia; German have Austria-Hungary "Blank Check" |
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| Italy, Japan, Belgium, France, Great Britain (England), & Russia |
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| Germany, Austria-Hungary, The Ottoman Empire (Turkey), & Bulgaria |
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| German Plan to Win The War |
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| attack France first through neutral Belgium b/c they're a big power then attack weakest power- Russia |
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| Why did the German plan to win the war fail? |
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| both sides dug elaborate systems divided by neutral "no man's land" |
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Western- Germany vs. France/Great Britain/ Belgium
Eastern- Germany vs. Russia |
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| poison gases, (gas mask), machine guns, flame throwers (Germany), & tanks (late) |
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| Manfred von Richthofen (Germany) |
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| pilot who shot down at least 5 planes |
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| include Bishop (GB/England), Richenbacker (US), & Manfred von Richthofen (Germany) |
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| Planes first used for ______, later _______ (dog fights) |
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| Germany Mining and blockading North Sea, German surface fleet trapped on Baltic |
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| England denied Rights of Neutrals |
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| why did England deny Rights of Neutrals? |
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| to cut off the supply lines of England |
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| used by Germany so they can go under the blockade and sink ships with torpedo's |
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| Germany (Von Hiddenberg) defeats Russia (Samsonov & Rennenkampf) |
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| France (Joffre) defeats Germany (Von Klux & Von Moltke) |
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| Turkey (Kemal) & Germany (Von Sanders) defeats GB (Hamilton & Monroe) |
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| (Naval Fight) GB (Adm Jellicoe & Beatty) defeats Germany (Adm Scheer & Von Hipper) |
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| France (Nivelle) defeats Germany (Von Falkenhayn) |
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| GB (Rawlinson) defeats Germany (Von Below & Von Armin) |
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| Germany (Von der Marwitz) defeats GB (Byng) |
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| Germany (Von Below) defeats Italy (Cardorna) |
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| France (Foch-Supreme Commander) defeats Germany (Ledendorff) |
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| France (Debeny) & GB (Haig) defeats Germany (Von Hutier) |
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| A U-boat off the Irish coast torpedoed the British passenger liner- 1,198 people (128 Americans) (British Ship) were carrying war goods |
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| (Another British liner) German submarine sank it |
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| French passenger vessel was attacked by Germans |
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| a renewal of an earlier promise not to sink liners without warning or without assuring the passenger's safety |
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| Wilson's 1916 Slogan (democrat) |
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| Charles Evans Hughes (republican) |
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| increased under national defense act |
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| increased under Three Year Naval Program |
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| 2 major reasons US entered war |
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1. unrestricted German warfare
2. Zimmerman note |
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| if the US attacks Germany then Mexico should attack the US |
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| Germany began unrestricted sub-marine warfare again for... |
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| wanton and wholesale destruction |
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| Wilson very idealistic- war to end all wars quote; Wilson set prices of food and fuel |
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| "Make the world safe for Democracy" |
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| regulate business, eliminate waste & non-essential goods |
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| operated all RR- reorganize lines, control rates & wages |
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| Arbitrate disputes b/w words & employers |
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| act couldn't wire/ talk against Government/ agencies |
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| by signing Treaty of Brest- Litovsk with the Central Powers in March 1918, leaving the Central Powers free to mass their forces on western front |
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| Bolshevik Revolution changed the war |
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| Czar Nicolas II- overthrown Lenin- Russia surrender Brest Litousk- Communist Party (Bolshevik) |
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| US Navy under ______ helped Allied war effort by using _______ & helped patrol_______ |
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| Admiral Sims; Convoy System; North Sea |
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| American Expeditionary Forces- First US army in Europe |
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| Belleau Woods under Bundy & Harboard |
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| German advance on Paris turned into a major defeat because... |
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| Allies stop attack, counter attack, Germany morale collapsed |
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| Kaiser Wilhem II flees to... |
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| 11/11/18 at 11 in the morning (November 1918) |
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1. Germany had to evacuate France, Belgium, Luxembourg, & Alsace-Lorraine
2. Germany had to surrender enormous amount of war materials, much of navy, all U-Boats
3. Allies occupied land along Rhine |
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| Wilson's plan for peace (self-determination, freedom of seas & trade, & creation of a League of Nations) |
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| European nations created by self-determination |
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| Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, & Poland |
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US- Wilson
Italy- Orlando
England- George
France- Clemenceau |
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| major provisions of Treaty of Versailles |
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-Germany had to accept war guilt
-Lost colonies- Africa & Asia (lost all colonies)
-Germany had to pay $15 billion in reparations
-create League of Nations- designed to keep world peace |
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| Why didn't US join League of Nations |
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| suffered a stroke and left paralyzed |
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