Fourteen Points

-diplomacy and "open covenants of peace" (no more secret treaties)

-Freedom of the seas(no u-boat warfare, freedom of trade)

-Natl self determination

-League of Nations

Woodrow Wilson

-WWI President

-1913-21

SATC

-Student Army Training Corps.

-founded in 1917.

-campuses as military training facilities.

-525 colleges and universities.

Treaty of Versailles

-signed in 1919.

-ended WWI

-$32 billion reparations to punish Germany.

-Senate did not ratify Treaty so US didn't join "League of Nations"

Great Depression (causes)

-October 24-29 (Black Thurs-Black Tues)

-1932: 25% unemployment.

-Undiversified American economy (too much focus on one thing, like steel and cars)

-concentration of wealth limited purchasing power to richest Americans.

-Too many irresponsible loans (borrowing stock money without the ability to pay it back)

-Declining demand for American goods in world.

-European nations unable to pay off WWI debts.

Election of 1932

Herbert Hoover vs. Franklin D. Roosevelt

-FDR won

Tennessee Valley Authority

-part of FDR's first 100 days

-Improve infrastructure, economy, and quality of life in South (Tenn. River basin)

-Dams and hydroelectric power plants (Wilson Dam, Muscle Shoals, AL)

Works Progress Authority

-Actors, writers, artists

-put them to work in plays, writing city guides, and public murals.

Civilian Conservation Corps

-hired young men

-improve natl parks

-soil conservation

-1st federal work relief program

Agricultural Adjustment Act

-raised crop prices by cutting production.

-many sharecroppers evicted.

-people starve; food expensive; really only help farmer.

Social Security Act

-Old-age and disability insurance for all.

-FDR

"Rosie the Riveter"

Japanese-American Internment

-Feb. 1942: Exec. Order 9066

-Implemented by FDR

-110,000 Jap-Americans removed to 10 interment camps.

A. Philip Randolph

-segregation defense industries

-actor, socialist, labor leader (Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters)

-Proposed march on Washing to 1941

Manhattan Project

Executive Order #8802

-June 1941

-FDR wanted to prevent the March on Washington

-No discrimination in defense industries

Servicemen's Readjustment Act

-"G.I. Bill of Rights"

-1944

-Provided for returning Vets:

-College Education

-Home loans

Truman Doctrine

-Harry Truman

-1947

-Support all anti-communist regimes.

Bakke v University of California

-anti Affirmative action

-white male tried to go UCA but was rejected while black students with lower test scores got in.

NSC-68

-1950

-National Security Council Report #68

-speaks about the terribleness of Communism in the Soviet Union and how if things result in a nuclear war it's going to kill everybody.

NATO

-1949

-North Atlantic Treaty Organization

-for purposes of collective security

-alliance system (if one member is attacked by an outside party, the other members will back them up.)

McCarthyism

-Senator Joseph McCarthy (R-WI)

-1950 Accused U.S. State Dept. officials of being communist agents.

-57(?) 205(?)

-Republicans gained power through evidence

-1954: censured by Senate (67-22 vote) -> reprimanded by Senate.

Korean War

-1950-53

-South Korea, USSR and China

-Truce after 3 years of fighting.

-Border set at 38th parallel.

Cuban Missile Crisis

-1962

-Cuban and Soviet military set up nuclear war bases in Cuba.

-US spy plane found out and US told them to dismantle them.

HUAC

- 1934

-Founded to combat communism in US during depression.

-Late 1940s, Rep Richard Nixon (R-CA) important member of Huac.

-House Un-American Activities Committee

"Kitchen Debate"

Interstate Highway System

-started 1956

-during the coldwar

Rosa Parks

-female advocate for civil rights

-refused to give up her seat for a white man.

Emmett Till

Montgomery Bus Boycott

-African Americans refused to ride buses

-began in 1955

Letter from Birmingham Jail

-April 16, 1963

-MLK

-a response to a statement made by eight white Alabama clergymen

-King responded that without nonviolent forceful direct actions such as his, true civil rights could never be achieved.

Freedom Rides

Brown v Board of Education

Civil Rights Act

-1964: prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin by federal and state governments as well as some public places

-1968 also known as the Fair Housing Act

Voting Rights Act

-1965

-outlawed discriminatory voting practices

Election of 1964

-Lyndon B. Johnson vs Barry Goldwater

-Johnson won 61.1% of the national popular vote, which remains the highest popular-vote percentage won by a U.S.presidential candidate since 1820.

"The Ballot or the Bullet"

-1964

-Malcolm X

-advised African-Americans to judiciously exercise their right to vote, but he cautioned that if the government continued to prevent African-Americans from attaining full equality, it might be necessary for them to take up arms.

Lyndon B. Johnson

-1961-1963 VP

-1964-1969 P

-greatly escalated direct American involvement in the Vietnam War.

-popularity dwindled as a result

Black Panther Party

-founded by Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton

-1966

Cesar Chavez

-Mexican American civil rights activist, labor leader, and farm worker

-Natl Farm Workers Association

-Grapes and Lettuce boycotts (1965-1970s)

-1966 March on Sacramento, CA

-non-violent methods

Vine Deloria, Jr

-Native American activist

-Book: Custer died for your sins (1969)

Betty Friedan

-Was a part of NOW

-wrote The Feminine Mystique

Griswold v Connecticut

-Reproductive Rights

-1964

-birth control case

-wanted birth control but was illegal in her state

-"right to privacy"

Equal Rights Amendment

-ERA

-1923

-Drafted by Alice Paul

-Nearly ratified 1970s

-opposed by conservatives, including Phyllis Schlafly

-would've written into the constitution that women have equal rights with men but was never passed.

Phyllis Schlafly

-opposed NOW

-STOP ERA

Stonewall

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

-1964

-North Vietnamese torpedo fired on USS Maddox

-Congress issued "Southeast Asia Resolution" (Gulf of Tonkin Resolution) -> Granted Johnson military authority "to repel any armed attack" by Communist North Vietnam.

Woodstock

-anti war rally

-1969

Kent State

-Students protested Nixon's April 1970 invasion of Cambodia.

-May 4, 1970: four students killed at Kent State University by Ohio Nat'l Guard.

Watergate

-1972-74

-"White House Plumbers" and CRP (CREEP)

-1972 break-in at Democratic Natl Committe headquarters

-Nixon knew

Richard Nixon

Jimmy Carter

-Pres after Nixon

-Elected in 1976

-"Born again" Christian

-DC outside

"Malaise" Speech

-Jimmy Carter

-1979

-he says that Americans don't have any faith in themselves.

Torrijos-Carter Treaty

-1977

-Panama Canal Treaty

-Gave the Panama Canal back to Panama because the Panamanians were getting upset.

- Carter favored it so it was seen as an act to get him out of office (because people didn't like it)

Moral Majority

-Jerry Falwell

-Christian twist on silent majority

-backed Reagan

START

-Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (later changed to Treaty)

-1982

-part of Reagan's Cold War tactics

Reaganomics

-supply-side economics ("Trickle-down Economics")

-reduce taxes

-reduce govt regulation

-reduce govt spending -> Reagan administration cut subsidized (financial assistance) school lunches and aid to families with dependent children (AFDC)