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| Dividing power between the state and national governments. |
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| Dividing powers amoing the 3 branches of government (legislative makes laws, executive enforces laws, judicial inteprets laws) |
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| Powers that each branch is given to keep the other branches under control. |
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| Check and balance that the courts can declare laws of Congress and actions of the President unconstitutional. |
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| The form of government in which the people choose leaders to make decisions for them. |
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| Our governments' power is limited by the Constitution and Bill of Rights. |
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| Everyone must folow the laws no matter who they are. |
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| More than half the people choose the leaders and influence the government. |
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| The 14th amendment guarantees that all people are equally treated by the government. |
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| The government can take your land or property for public use, but must provide compensation. |
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-Makes the Laws
-Bicameral Congress:
House of Representatives
Senate
-General Assembly (State Government):
House of Delegates
Senate |
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| Elastic (Necessary and Proper) Clause |
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| Allows Congress to make any laws it needs to carry out its enumerated (listed) powers. |
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| Powers given to congress that arent specifically in the Constitution. Many Implied powers developed with changing conditions in the United States. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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Stated we are a seperate country from England, we have the right to abolish abusive forms of government, listed complaints/grievances colonists had against the government of Great Britain.
Pinciples: consent of the governement, natural rights (life, liberty, property), right to abolish a bad government, equality. |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| 1st written plan of government that failed because the national government was not given enough power. States were strong/national government was weak. |
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| United States Constitution |
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| Our written plan of government. It sets up three branches of government and a federal form of government where the states and national government share power. Is called a living document because it can be changed (amended) when necessary. |
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First 10 Amendments, protect the rights of citizens by limiting the powers of the government (Limited government)
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| -1215 -Early English document that established the principles of limited government and due process. |
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-Thomas hobbes - Principle in which people entrust power to government so the government can protect their rights.
-Principle included in Declaration of Independence, Constitution Maryland Constitution, Articles of Confederation. |
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The government can censor the media when they air inappropriate content during times of war. The government is permitted to limit the publication of information that threatens national security (fcc regulates radio).
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Marbury v. Madison - Judicial Review
McCulloch v. Maryland - supremacy of national law & upheld implied powers of Congress
Schenck vs. US - Restrictions of freedom of speech
US vs. Nixon - Restrictions of executive privilege
NYT Co. vs. US - case against prior restraint |
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| The people elect both the presidet and the legislature (United States). |
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| The people elect the legislature and the legislature chooses the president or prime minister (Great Britain). |
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| People discuss and vote on all issues through town meetings or small groups of people. |
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| Authoritarian Governments |
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| Leaders don't follow laws and can take away the peoples' rights, elections dont offer a choice and one person or a small group makes all the decisions. Ex. Absolute monarcy, Oligarchy (group of people rule), Dictatorship, and Totalitarian. |
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The national/federal level of government has all the power.
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| Confederal (Confederation) |
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Definition
Power is divided between the state and national government but the states have most of the power.
US had confederation at first but failed because couldn't pay of war debt cuz national gov didnt have enough power to get the states to pay taxes. |
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| The state and national governments divide/ share the powers with the national government. (US has this) |
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| Agreements made between leaders of a nation, have the same effect as a treaty but don't need Senate approval. |
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| Agreement between nations that are negotiated by the executive department, treaties must be approved by Congress. |
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| Dividing up the 435 representatives in the House of Representatives among the 50 states. |
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| Drawing legislative districts based on the number of representatives in the state. |
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| The drawing of legislative districts that favor one political party over other parties. |
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| Group of people with similar beliefs and opinions on political issues. They try to inform people of issues and use advertising and campagning to get their candadates elected. Ex. Democrats , Republicans |
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| Favored the Constitution and strong national government, led by the founders. James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton wrote federalists papers to convince New York to ratify Constitution. |
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| Against the Constituion, wanted bill of rights and didn't want a strong national government like Great Britiain. |
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| People who meet with lawmakers and lawmakers staff directly, and provide research to support positions. |
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| News, Magazines, newspapers. Law makers get their message to people through news. Reports on Congress Activity. The way a story is covered/which storries are covered can sway public opinion. |
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| PACs(Political Action Committees) |
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Definition
| Raise and donate money to their candadates that support their position in their issue or problem in order to help them win elections. |
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Term
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| Have the force of federal law without Congressional approval. Used to explain how a law passed by Congress will be enforced. |
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| Powers of the Executive Branch |
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Definition
| -Commands military, vetos bills, makes treaties, appoints justices, propose amendments, and nominate other government officials. |
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Term
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Definition
1st Amendment - Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition and religion
2nd Amendment - Rigt to bear arms
3rd Amendment- Right not to quarter soilders
4th Amendment -Search and siezure
5th amendment - Right to life, liberty, and property cant be taken away without due process of law, eminent domain, fair trial by jury
6th amendment - speedy trial, access to a lawyer
8th amendment - no cruel/unusual punisment
9th amendment - people are still entitled to rights even if they aren't listed in the Constitution
10th amendment - Powers not given to the national government are given to the states. |
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Term
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Definition
Commander in Cheif - controls military
Cheif Executive - Makes sure laws are carried out through executive orders, issues pardons and is in control of many white house workers
Chief Diplomat - Negotiates and signes treaties and establishes foreign policy
Head of State - Ceremonial duties
Cheif Legislator - Veto power can issue policies
Political Party Leader - Promotes parties platforms and campaigns |
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| Powers of the National/Federal government like declaring war, regulating trade between states, creating post offices, coining and printing money, and making immigration rules. |
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| Powers only for the states like conducting elections, providing education, seting licensing rules, and building infostructure. |
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| Powers that both the federal government and state governments share like enforcing and making laws, levying taxes, punishing lawbreakers, and establishing courts. |
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| When the president vetos a bill by neither signing or vetoing a bill. The president simply holds the bill until Congress has adjorned so the bill cant be signed or sent back. |
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| Committe that resolves differences between the two versions of a bill (one from House one from Senate) by bargaining over each section. |
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| What happens if a vice president resigns from office? |
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Definition
| The president can then appoint another VP that must be approved by Congress. |
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| Group of electors chosen to elect the President and Vice President of the United States. The number of House Representatives plus the number of Senators equals the number of members in the electoral college. |
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Term
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Definition
Serve on Jury
Testify as a witness
Obey the Law
Pay Taxes
-and vote
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| Powers of the Legislative Branch |
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Definition
Senate:
Approves treaties and presidential appointments
Tries all Impeachments
Must be 30 and can serve for 6 years
House of Representatives:
Can propose laws to raise revenue
Can Impeach
Must be 25 and can serve for 2 years
Both:
Can override veto with 2/3 vote
Can declare war
Can make laws |
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Term
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Definition
| There are 27 amendments. Constitution can be amended when 2/3 of Congress and 3/4 of states ratify amendment. |
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