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| a home land characterized by permanent settlements & agriculture; 1st urban complexes |
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| developed pyramids,calendars, religion, school, & strong economy; Tenochtitlan; corn as crop; worshipped son and war gods |
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| Home was cuzco in peru; largest in world at the time; excelled at building, agriculture w/ irrigation & terracing; staple crop was potato |
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| faced harsh, cold climate, short growing season, turned to the sea for food, best sailing skills, dominated seas, turned to raiding |
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| Leif Erikson sailed west from Greenland and "discovered" North America, established a colony of 160 ppl called Vinland in Newfoundland, grazed livestock in small communities; gone by 1450 due to: hostility of Native Americans, poor lines of comm, climate cooling, political upheavels in scandanavia, declining population |
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| Montezuma 2nd emporer; bad omens- draught, thunderbolt, comet & strangers from the East; Restless subsidiary tribes unsettled aztecs; prophecy of the return of Quetzalcoatl |
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| aided by two individuals in his quest: Jeronimo de Aguilar- shipwrecked spaniard who knew mayan; malinalli- female slave given to him by mayan ruler who spoke aztec, called "malinche", (the tongue) who betrayed Mexico to the spanish |
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| Cortez moved from Vera cruz, used alliance with other tribes that hated Aztecs to move thru their territory; montezuma tried to 2 buy off Cortez w/ gifts including gold before Cortez reached Tenochtitlam |
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| before, there was about 6 mil ppl in Central Mexico, after Spanish conquest less than 600k remained- most died of disease; Spanish established encomienda system; spanish soldiers given indian towns- Indians provided labor and tribue to local ruler in return for protection, became surfdom |
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